psychopathology

Question 1

three criteria define the line between typical and atypical behavior

Answer 1

statistical deviance, maladaptiveness, personal distress

Question 2

Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 2

spell out defining features and symptoms for numerous psychological disorders and developmental diseases

Question 3

Developmental psychopathology

Answer 3

study of abnormal behavior from a developmental perspective and study of origins of maladaptive behavior
- psychopathology as developmental, not disease

Question 4

The Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 4

psychopathology result from interaction over time of aa predisposition for psychological disorders and experience of stressful events

Question 5

Autism Spectrum disorder

Answer 5

• begins infancy, diagnosed at 4
• social and communication deficits
• restricted and repetitive interests and behavior
• more males affected than females
• differences in brain functioning
• 1/54 of 8 year olds in the US meet diagnostic criteria for ASD

Question 6

Autism differences in brain function

Answer 6

atypical brain growth and connectivity
- more neurons and connection in early childhood but less organized
- in late life less connections

Question 7

Variations in ASD

Answer 7

abilities of people with ASD vary significantly
- language
-assistance
- severity
- Asperger Syndrome

Question 8

Asperger Syndrome

Answer 8

form of ASD, increased intelligence. increased verbal skills, clear desire to establish social relationships and decreased social cognitive and communication skills

Question 9

Early Diagnosis of ASD

Answer 9

can be diagnosed at 1-3, in infancy ASD may present atypical responsiveness to social stimuli
- no joint attention
- does not make eye contact
- etc….

Question 10

Suspected causes of ASD

Answer 10

NOT caused by vaccinations or bad parenting!!!
- genes and environment (triggers) interaction

Question 11

Treatment of ASD

Answer 11

intensive and highly structured behavioral and educational programming

Question 12

Externalizing and Internalizing problems are two categories of….

Answer 12

developmental problems

Question 13

externalizing

Answer 13

out of control, anger outward
- lack of self control and act out in ways that disturb other people and violate social expectations
-decreases from age 4-18, more common in Boys and more common in children living in lower income houses

Question 14

internalizing

Answer 14

overly controlled, anger turned inward
- negative emotions are internalized/bottled up
- increases form age 4-18, more common in girls, higher in children living in lower income homes, children in collectivist cultures

Question 15

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 15

9.4% of kids between 2-17 diagnosed, more common in boys
- inattention (diagnosed later): easily distracted, misses details, forgetful
- hyperactivity/impulsivity (diagnosed in infancy): restless, fidgety, difficulty in taking turns

Question 16

ADHD causes

Answer 16

difference in brain chemistry, frontal lobes problem, interaction of genes and environment,
- NOT caused by sugar intake, food dyes or permissive parents

Question 17

ADHD treatment

Answer 17

meds and behavior treatment, training for parents, improving school learning environment

Question 18

Adolescence is a period of

Answer 18

risk taking and problem behaviors
- heightened vulnerability to psychological disorder

Question 19

Substance use disorders

Answer 19

A person continuing to use a substance despite experiencing adverse consequences
- alcohol use is most common , increases in adolescence and decreases from 25-34
-cascade model

Question 20

Cascade model

Answer 20

genetic predisposition, stressful home environment, decreased performance in school, negative peer influence

Question 21

Eating Disorders

Answer 21

more females
-anorexia: restriction of food, fear of gaining weight, body dysmorphia
- bulimis nerrasa: binge-purge syndrome
- binge eating disorder

Question 22

Causes of EDs

Answer 22

genetics, biochemical abnormalities, Western ideal of thinness

Question 23

prevention/treatment of EDs

Answer 23

behavior modification, psychotherapy, family therapy, reduce “thin ideal”

Question 24

Neurocognitive disorders

Answer 24

progressive deterioration of neural functioning associated with cognitive decline (Dementia, Alzheimers, etc…)
- includes memory impairment, decreased in intellectual ability, decreased judgment, decreased think ing of abstractly, personality changes

Question 25

Alzheimers

Answer 25

most common subtype of Dementia
- women > men
- senile plagues, neurofibrillary tangles
- warning signs: getting lost, trouble with money managing, asking same question

Question 26

causes of Alzheimers

Answer 26

genetics, environmental (epigenetic)

Question 27

prevention of Alzheimers

Answer 27

healthy diet, exercise, cognitive training, monitoring cardiovascular risk

Question 28

treatment of Alzheimers

Answer 28

no cure; memory training, memory aids and behavior management techniques help