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Apes 4 > 4.1 > Flashcards

4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

4.1a

Universe was formed

A

13.7 billion years ago

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2
Q

4.1a

How do people think the universe was created

A

Big Bang theory

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3
Q

4.1a

How far is the edge of the universe

A

90 billion trillion miles away

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4
Q

4.1a

Inflation Theory

A

A fraction of a moment after the big bang, the universe underwent sudden, dramatic expansion

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5
Q

4.1a

What happened after the big bang theory

A

Gravity
Electromagnetism
Strong & weak nuclear forces
Atomic particles - photons, protons, electrons, neutrons

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6
Q

4.1a

How long ago was the Earth formed

A

4.6 billion years ago

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7
Q

4.1a

What is the Geologic time scale

A

Measurement of Earth’s history

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8
Q

4.1a

What are the Geologic time scale

A

Eons
Eras
Periods
Epochs

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9
Q

4.1a

How many Geologic time scale have pasted and which one are we on

A

4 Eons (Phanerozoic)
3 Eras (Cenozoic)
11 periods (Quaternary)
7 Epochs (Holocene)

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10
Q

4.1a

What are the Layers of the Earth

A

Core
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Lower Mantle
Upper Mantle
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Crust
oceanic crust
continental crust

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11
Q

4.1a

What is the Core

A

Dense mass of solid nickel, iron, & radioactive elements that release massive amounts of heat

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12
Q

4.1a

What is the inner and outer Core

A

Inner: Solid - made mainly of iron
Outer: Liquid - made mainly of iron & nickel

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13
Q

4.1a

Mantle

A

Liquid layer of magma surrounding core, kept liquified by intense heat from core, largest layer

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14
Q

4.1a

What is the difference between the lower and upper mantle

A

Lower Mantle: Known as the Mesosphere; represents over 50% of Earth’s total volume, made mainly of iron & magnesium silicates
Upper: Very thick layer of rocks & minerals

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15
Q

4.1a

What is the crust

A

Thin, brittle layer of rock floating on top of mantle (broken up into tectonic plates)

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16
Q

4.1a

What is the difference between the Oceanic and Continental crust

A

Oceanic: Uppermost layer of oceanic part of tectonic plates - thin, heavy, more dense
Continental: Outermost layer of lithosphere that forms continents & continental shelves - thick, light, less dense

17
Q

4.1a

Which Crust is heavier

A

Oceanic

18
Q

4.1a

Asthenosphere

A

Made up of the mid-mantle

19
Q

4.1a

Lithosphere

A

Made up of the upper mantle and crust

20
Q

4.1b

What are Plate Techonics

A

Theory explaining how tectonic plates move slowly over the mantle and create geologic features.

21
Q

4.1b

What are the types of Plate Techonics

A

Oceanic and Continental

22
Q

4.1b

Traits of Oceanic plate

A

heavier, more dense, thinner

23
Q

4.1b

Traits of Continental plates

A

lighter, less dense, thicker

24
Q

4.1b

What is Pangea

A

When earth was one big continent a very long time ago

25
Q

4.1b

Hot spots

A

Where magma rises

26
Q

4.1b

Ring of Fire

A
  • a hot spot
  • Earthquakes and Volcanoes form a circle around the Pacific circle
  • 90% of earthquakes happen here
27
Q

4.1b

How do we measure Earthquakes

A

Richter Scale

28
Q

4.1b

How does the Richter scale increase

A

Increases factor of ten
( times 10 )

29
Q

4.1b

Convergent

A
  • Colliding plates
  • Plates come together & subduction or uplift occurs
  • Crust in destoryed
  • Creates Mountains, deep earthquakes, active volcanoes, ocean trenches, island arcs (active volcano chains)
30
Q

4.1b

What are the three types of Convergent plates

A

Oceanic- Oceanic
Oceanic- Continental
Continental-Continental

31
Q

4.1b

What happens with Oceanic-Oceanic

A

one plate subducts underneath other

forms mid ocean volcanoes, island arcs, or off-shore trenches

32
Q

4.1b

What happens with Oceanic- Continental

A

oceanic plate subducts beneath continental

Forms Coastal Mountains, Volcanoes on land, trenches, tsunamis

33
Q

4.1b

What happens with Continental-Continental

A

one plate subducts underneath other (uplift)

form moutains

34
Q

4.1b

Divergent

A
  • Plates divide
  • Forces new magma upward and new

Spreading

Forms Oceanic ridges & Rift valleys

35
Q

4.1b

Transform

Sliding

A
  • Plates move right past each other in opposite directions
  • Crust is ok at the end

Makes Mountains, scattered shallow earthquakes, volcanoes, faults

Apes 4 (5 decks)

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