TASK 9 - MILITARY AND POLICE FORCE Flashcards
- 2 distinctions within security. where?
- maintenance of security in domestic sphere
- maintenance of security in international sphere
1.1 maintenance of security in domestic sphere
- state’s capacity to mantain order within its borders
- instruments include: coercive state, police, military
- deals with relationship btw state and non-state actors
- sovereign power of state
stands above all associations and groups
possess a monopoly of the means ‘legitimate violence’
1.2 maintenance of security in international sphere
- state’s capacity to provide protection against threats from beyond its own borders
- instruments: armed forces, resistance of military attacks
- deals w relationship of state w other states
- problematic!
international politics conducted in environment being ANARCHICAL
lacks enforceable rules or pre-eminent power
- DOMESTIC SECURITY. police and politics: main purpose and diffs with military
-> main: maintain domestic order
- disciplined
- uniformed
- armed bodies
-> diffs
- has routine everyday
- closely integrated in society
- use non-military tactics: rely on consent and legitimacy (often unarmed, only self-defense)
- APPROACHES TO POLICING (3)
- liberal perspective
- conservative perspective
- radical perspective
3.1 liberal perspective
- essentially neutral body
- function: maintain domestic order through protection of ind rights and liberties
- operate w consensus
- high measure of legitimacy
- promotes social stability
- personal security
- no political function
- uphold the rule of law
- protect citizens from each other
3.2 conservative perspective
- role: preserve authority of the state
- ensure that jurisdiction extends through community
- rooted in pessimistic view of hum nature
- seen as mechanisms of pol control
3.3 radical perspective
- critical view
- core: tools of oppression acting in the interest of the state not the people
- serve elites not masses
- marxist version: seen as defenders of property and upholders of capitalist class interests
- ROLE OF THE POLICE (4 types)
- civil policing
- community policing
- firebrigade policing
- zero-tolerance policing
4.1 civil policing
- aspect of work with which we are most familiarized
- fight crime
- international character
- homogeneous communities: significant level of self-policing
4.2 community policing
ex: japan
- expected to know and visit various families that fall within that area of jurisdiction
- success depends on police being respected in the local community
4.3 fire brigade policing
- emph capacity of police to react to breaches of law
- adoption of harder policing tactics
- technology and arms
4.4 zero-tolerance policing
- relies on strict enforcement in relation to minor offences
- to significantly reduce crime
- unrestrained petty crime impression of ‘no one is in control’
- HOW IS THE POLICE POLITICAL. (2)
- may be carried out in accordance w pol biases or social prejudices
- favoring certain groups
- traditional for radicals and socialists
- tends to breed a culture being authoritarian and pol conservative - may exert beyong civil matters and impact on pol disputes
LEVEL HAS INCREASED AS SOCIETIES HAVE BECOME MORE COMPLEX AND FRAGMENTED
- some argue that all crime is ‘political’
- neutrality compromised (demonstrations, civil unrests..)
- threat of terrorism
- POLICE STATES
-> police operates outside framework + accountable to neither the courts nor the general public
- extrajudicial
- totalitarian features
- excessive and unregualted power
- designed to curtail civil liberty
- all aspects of social existence fall under police control
- acts as priv army controled by ruling elite
