VISION COMMUNICATION

Question 1

WHAT ARE THE THINGS TO REMEMBER TO GUIDE SOMEONE WITH VISUAL impairment?

Answer 1

1. Describe the surroundings
2. Speak directly to the person
3. Observe the person and be empathetic if they display any symptoms of nervousness
4. Stop walking before you approach obstacles or any unusual terrain to have time to describe it to the person you are guiding.

Question 2

Basic sighted guide techniques

Answer 2

1. Initiate the greeting by identifying yourself.
2. Ask first if they need assistance
3. Gently touch the back of their hand as indication to take your arm

Question 3

environmental assessment with caution

Answer 3

RESPONSIBILITIES
SCOPE
TRAINING

Question 4

What can environmental assessment do?

Answer 4

1. Information gatherer
2. Detect “Red flags” and report.
3. Don’t necessarily intervene.
4. Refer to those with the scope to intervene.

Question 5

What are we observing?

Answer 5

1. Observation begins with an initial contact.
2. How did the client manage your arrival?
3. Did the client require prompting regarding who you were?

Question 6

CLIENT AND CAREGIVER SCAN

Answer 6

Body language
Eye contact
Hygiene
Clothes
Affect
Fatigue
Movement
Cathetic

Question 7

Environmental scan

Answer 7

Clutter
Cleanliness
Safety
Assistive devices
Food
Stove
Medications
Alcohol
Drugs
Cigarettes
Pets

Question 8

Precautions for health care provider

Answer 8

1. Be prepared—history, requirements of the visit
2. Ensure someone is aware of your location
3. Leave if you feel unsafe
4. Familiarize yourself with the exits in the home.
5. Code words or phrases if there is danger.

Question 9

a technique designed to help support an individual as they create and pursue their own goals.

Answer 9

Motivational interviewing

Question 10

Three critical components of motivation

Answer 10

• The importance of change for the patient (willingness)
• The confidence to change (ability)
• Whether change is an immediate priority (readiness).

Question 11

Practitioner tasks: Raise doubt and increase the patient’s perception of the risks and problems with their current
behaviour. Provide harm reduction strategies

Answer 11

Precontemplation
(Not ready)

Question 12

Practitioner tasks: Weigh up the pros and cons of change with the patient and work on helping them tip the balance by:
* exploring ambivalence and alternatives
* identifying reasons for change/risks of not changing
* increasing the patient’s confidence in their ability to change

Answer 12

Contemplation
(Getting ready)

Question 13

Practitioner tasks: Clear goal setting; help the patient
to develop a realistic plan for
making a change and taking steps
toward change

Answer 13

Preparation –
action
(Ready

Question 14

Practitioner tasks: Help the patient identify and use strategies to prevent relapse

Answer 14

Maintenance
(Sticking to it)

Question 15

Practitioner tasks: Help the patient renew the
processes of contemplation and
action without becoming stuck or
demoralised

Answer 15

Relapse*
(Learning)

Question 16

the focus OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING

Answer 16

• Understanding the person’s own reasons for change.
• They explore why he wants to change and what concerns or goals he has related to his drinking.

Question 17

These basic counselling
techniques assist in building rapport and establishing a therapeutic
relationship that is consistent with the spirit of MI.

Answer 17

Building motivation to change

Question 18

The basic skills of motivational interviewing

Answer 18

OARS
Open ended questions
Affirmation
Reflection
Summarizing

Question 19

Asking Open-ended Questions

Answer 19

Instead of asking yes/no questions, encourage the person to share more by asking questions that require a more detailed response.
For example, instead of asking “Are you concerned about your drinking?” say, “I understand you have some concerns about your drinking. Can you tell me about them?”

Question 20

Making Affirmations

Answer 20

Give positive feedback or express appreciation to the person.
For instance, “I appreciate that it took a lot of courage for you to discuss your drinking with me today. You appear to have a lot of resourcefulness to have coped with these difficulties for the past few years.”

Question 21

Using Reflections:

Answer 21

Rephrase what the person has said to show that you understand their feelings and thoughts.
For example, if someone talks about enjoying alcohol to unwind but worrying about its impact on health, you might reflect, “You enjoy the effects of alcohol in terms of how it helps you unwind after a stressful day at work and helps you interact with friends without being too self-conscious. But you are beginning to worry about the impact drinking is having on your health…”

Question 22

Summarizing:

Answer 22

Recap what has been discussed to ensure mutual understanding and point out any inconsistencies.
For instance, “If it is okay with you, let me check that I understand everything that we’ve been discussing so far. You have been worrying about how much you’ve been drinking because you recognize that you have experienced some health issues associated with your alcohol intake, and you’ve had some feedback from your partner that she isn’t happy with how much you’re drinking. But the few times you’ve tried to stop drinking have not been easy, and you are worried that you can’t stop. How am I doing?”

Question 23

To encourage someone to talk about making a change, you can ask them questions in four categories:

Answer 23

Disadvantages of the status quo: What’s not good about the current situation?

Advantages of change: What good things could happen if you make a change?

Optimism for change: How positive do you feel about making a change?

Intention to change: How determined are you to make a change?

Question 24

Examples of questions to build a change plan

Answer 24

What do you think you might do?
What changes were you thinking about making?
Where do we go from here?
What do you want to do at this point?
How would you like things to turn out?