USH Unit 1

Question 1

Puritans

Answer 1

• Wanted to purify the church (like Separatists)
• Established Massachusetts Bay
  Colony
• Led by John Winthrop.
• Theocratic government

Question 1

Separatists

Answer 1

• Wanted to separate from the
  Church of England completely
  (Catholicism is bad).
• Pilgrims
• Settled in the Plymouth Colony
• Community where they could freely
  worship their own beliefs.

Question 2

Roanoke

Answer 2

• One of the first English attempts at
  establishing a colony in North
  America
• Settlers disappeared without a
  trace.

Question 3

John Smith

Answer 3

• Jamestown colony leader
• Settled for money
• Convinced colonists to learn from
  Indians (to survive starving time)

Question 4

Starving time

Answer 4

1609-1610 (a period in Jamestown where there was a lack of food during the winter (many had fevers as well) and people resorted to eating anything, including corpses)

Question 5

Calverts

Answer 5

• Received charter to establish a
  colony in the Chesapeake region for
  refugee catholics (like themselves)
• Needed immigrants -> Created the
  1649 Maryland Toleration Act
  (toleration of all Christians (tension
  between Catholic minority and
  Protestant majority in England)

Question 6

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 6

Conflict between English settlers and Native Americans. Bacon and other settlers fought the Indians on their own without militia.
Berkeley then declared Bacon a rebel and then Bacon turned his attention to Berkley and the elites → governor to exile. Bacon died shortly after, and Berkeley gained power back → 1677 Indians signed treaty that allowed the white settlement to grow

Question 7

How would you characterize the early years of the Jamestown settlement? What were the motives for settlement? What successes and failures did the colony have?

Answer 7

Settle - new land, gold, opportunity, religious freedom, mercantilism

England: wars and increasing population w/o enough food

First settlers of Jamestown: 40 out of 144 died, the rest leaving the settlement → intercepted by another English boat with more supplies

Winter - fevers spread, many killed, starved, cannibalism

Tension with local Native Americans

Headright system

Virginia’s first profitable crop - tobacco - helped to support them with the high demand for it in England.

Question 8

Plymouth

Answer 8

Pilgrims set sail for America from Plymouth England
Aboard the Mayflower with Puritan Separatists and others and landed in a spot John Smith labeled “Plymouth”
Outside London Company’s territory, did not have to follow their rules
Mayflower Compact (establishing a government for themselves) very poor

Question 9

John Winthrop

Answer 9

Elected governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company
Puritans - created a theocracy (society = state + church) and no religious tolerance

Question 10

Pequot War

Answer 10

Puritans wanted to expand into Pequot territory
Some Pequots wanted to repel English while others wanted to cooperate with the English
Tribe weakened - illness + tribal council sided with sachem Sassacus → sent Uncas away
Uncas joined English with his own tribe
When two Englishmen killed, they requested Pequot give them land and the killers
Pequot gave land but not the killers
Captain John Endicott sent to avenge deaths on Block Islanders, but unsuccessful → attacked welcoming Pequots
Pequots attacked villages and Puritans did too
Puritans and Pequot declared war
Narragansett tribe joined English
English from the Massachusetts Bay Colony along with Native Americans attacked a
War ended when remaining tribal leaders of the Pequot tribe signed the Treaty of Hartford that revoked legal recognition of the tribe
Significance: English more powerful than Native American tribes, end of chance of American + Native American peace

Question 11

Massacre at Mystic

Answer 11

Many Pequot captured/surrendered → slavery
Beginning of downfall of Native Americans

Question 12

King Philip’s War

Answer 12

Metecom (“King Philip”) attended a meeting to talk about the tribe’s worries with the English expanding
John Easton, governor of Rhode Island, took notes on meeting
That year, 3 Indians executed for murder of an Indian raised by the English
Leaders in Massachusetts believed Metacom gave them orders
Metacom refused to lay down arms → attacked English villages
Other tribes joined Metacom
English feared Indians
English attacked Metacom when he was sleeping and killed him
Head paraded through Plymouth on Thanksgiving - sign of English power and God’s favor
***Native Americans made use of the flintlock rifle traded to them by the settlers
Significance: English domination/justification for expansion, separated English (favored by God) and Native Americans (“savages”)

Question 13

Stono Rebellion

Answer 13

1739 in South Carolina 100 slaves got weapons and killed whites while trying to escape to Florida - their attempt was crushed and many of the slaves were executed

Question 14

Salem witchcraft trials

Answer 14

1680s and 1690s where Puritans would accuse women of using witchcraft (famous outbreak in Salem, Massachusetts where 20 people were killed, 14 of which were women, and 13 of those women were publicly hanged)

Question 15

How would you characterize the early years of the Massachusetts Bay settlement? What were the motives for settlement? What successes and failures did the colony have?

Answer 15

Pilgrims on Mayflower wanted a refuge for Puritans

Religion

State and church indistinguishable - no religious tolerance

Puritans very poor → appreciated living in “godly ways”

Wanted to ensure colony would continue

Prospered later with help of incoming families and Wampanoags

Question 16

What similarities and differences emerged between the southern and northern colonies?

Answer 16

The settlers in the northern colonies immigrated to America due to religious reasons while settlers in the southern colonies immigrated primarily due to economic interests. However, farming was important in both colonies, both for food, structure, and a steady production of a crop (tobacco in the south).