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RADIOLOGY FINALS > RADIO FINAL EXAM 2021 > Flashcards

RADIO FINAL EXAM 2021 Flashcards

1
Q

Sign of benignancy of gastric ulcer

An edematous ulcer collar with overhanging mucosal edge
A shadow ulcer with a width greater than its depth
An ulcer eccentrically located within the tumor mound
An ulcer within the lumen of the stomach

A

An edematous ulcer collar with overhanging mucosal edge

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2
Q

Primary diagnosis

Viral Pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
PTB
Bilateral pneumonia

A

Pulmonary edema

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3
Q

Iodinated contrast agents are used in these radiologic procedures EXCEPT:

MRI
X-RAY
CT-SCAN
ULTRASOUND

A

ULTRASOUND

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4
Q

Identify modality

MRI
X-RAY
CT-SCAN
ULTRASOUND

A

MRI

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5
Q

Identify structure

Gallbladder
Spleen
Liver
Kidney

A

Kidney

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6
Q

Diagnosis

Acute epidural hemorrhage
Acute subdural hemorrhage
Acute parenchymal hemorrhage
Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage

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7
Q

Sign of pancreatic tumor resectability

Solitary hepatic metastasis
Regional nodes may be involved
Limited pancreatic extension of the tumor is present
No encasement of the celiac axis or SMA

A

No encasement of the celiac axis or SMA

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8
Q

Congenital heart disease with normal vascularity, EXCEPT

Pulmonary Stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the Aorta

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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9
Q

The most common malignant tumor involving the spleen

Lymphoma
Hemangioma
Adenocarcinoma
Fibroadenoma

A

Lymphoma

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10
Q

Diagnosis

Pericardial effusion
Pneumothorax
PTB
Pleural effusion

A

PTB

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11
Q

False statements when doing overview or overall glance at the film, EXCEPT:

Overexposure may simulate increased pulmonary blood flow
Should be in full expiration
Under exposure may simulate the appearance of pulmonary congestion
Slight degrees of rotation obliquity do not affect the cardiac contour or apparent size

A

Under exposure may simulate the appearance of pulmonary congestion

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12
Q

True statement regarding Left Ventricular Enlargement

Retrosternal fullness
Double density
Lateral and downward displacement of the cardiac apex
Lateral bulging of the right heart border

A

Lateral and downward displacement of the cardiac apex

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13
Q

Sign of malignancy of gastric ulcer

Radiating folds extending into the crater
An ulcer projecting beyond the expected lumen
An ulcer eccentrically located within the tumor mound
Depth of ulcer greater than width

A

An ulcer eccentrically located within the tumor mound

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14
Q

Radiologic sign representing branching lucencies within the opacified lung denoting air space disease

Atoll sign
Angel wing sign
Murphy’s sign
Air bronchogram sign

A

Air bronchogram sign

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15
Q

Morphologic changes in chronic pancreatitis, EXCEPT

Fascial thickening and chronic inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissue
Increased visible pancreatic tissue due to hyperplasia
Calcifications in the pancreatic parenchyma
Dilation of the pancreatic duct, usually in a beaded pattern of alternating dilations and
constrictions

A

Increased visible pancreatic tissue due to hyperplasia

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16
Q

Direct signs of atelectasis, EXCEPT:

Shifting of the mediastinal structures
Crowding of the lung markings
Deviation of the fissure
Increased opacification

A

Shifting of the mediastinal structures

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17
Q

Diagnosis

Left pleural effusion
Right lower lobe pneumonia
Left upper lobe pneumothorax
Left lower lobe bulla

A

Left pleural effusion

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18
Q

Identify Equipment/Machine

X-RAY
CT-SCAN
ULTRASOUND
MR

A

ULTRASOUND

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19
Q

Identify organ ( yellow arrow)

Liver
Adrenal gland
Stomach
Spleen

A

Spleen

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20
Q

True statements regarding Patent Ductus Arteriosus in radiographs, EXCEPT:

Normal or enlarged cardiac size
Decreased vascularity
Enlarged main and central pulmonary arteries
Prominent aortic knob

A

Decreased vascularity

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21
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and is unique for each element

Nuclear density
Atomic number
Atomic index
Mass number

A

Atomic number

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22
Q

“3” sign

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Coarctation of the Aorta

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

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23
Q

True statement regarding the “Silhouette sign”:

a. Visualization of the right cardiac border means the lesion is located anterior (e.g. Right middle lobe)
b. It helps in localizing intrapleural lesions
c. Obliteration of the left cardiac border means the lesion is located anterior (e.g. Lingula)
d. Obliteration of the right cardiac border means the lesion is located posterior (e.g. Right lower lobe)

A

c. Obliteration of the left cardiac border means the lesion is located anterior (e.g. Lingula)

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24
Q

True statement regarding the pancreas

Lies within the posterior pararenal compartment of the retroperitoneum
Pancreatic duct normally measures 3 mm in the head and tapers towards the tail
Smaller in young patients and progressively decreases with age
Bean-shaped

A

Pancreatic duct normally measures 3 mm in the head and tapers towards the tail

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25
Q

Increased vascularity, cardiomegaly, and enlarged systemic vein into which drainage occurs are seen in:

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Pulmonary Stenosis
Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA)

A

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

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26
Q

True statement regarding Left atrial Enlargement

Lateral bulging of the right heart border
Lateral and downward displacement of the cardiac apex
Double density
Retrosternal fullness

A

Double density

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27
Q

Most duodenal tumors are benign in this location

Duodenal bulb
Third portion
Second portion
Fourth portion

A

Duodenal bulb

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28
Q

GIST (GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR)

None of the above
Extensive adenopathy, especially if below the renal hila
Long-term silent growth to a large size is characteristic
Focal often irregular, wall thickening

A

Long-term silent growth to a large size is characteristic

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29
Q

German physicist who accidentally discovered X-rays

Wilhelm Roentgen
Albert Schweitzer
Konrad Adenauer
Voltaire Ramgen

A

Wilhelm Roentgen

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30
Q

True statements regarding the spleen, EXCEPT:

Reservoir for red blood cells
Sequesters aged red and white blood cells and platelets
The largest lymphoid organ
Occupies the right upper quadrant of the abdomen posteromedial to the stomach

A

Occupies the right upper quadrant of the abdomen posteromedial to the stomach

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31
Q

Congenital heart disease with decreased vascularity

VSD
AV canal defect
ASD
TOF

A

TOF

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32
Q

True statement regarding Right Ventricular Enlargement

Lateral and downward displacement of the cardiac apex
Double density
Lateral bulging of the right heart border
Retrosternal fullness

A

Retrosternal fullness

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33
Q

True statement regarding the normal frontal chest radiograph

Normally several milliliters of fluid are in the pleural space
Bronchi are mostly visible
Both the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura are normally visible
Blood vessels branch and taper gradually from the peripheral margins of the lung
towards the hila

A

Normally several milliliters of fluid are in the pleural space

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34
Q

Imaging findings in acute pancreatitis, EXCEPT:

Atrophy of the pancreas
Focal or diffuse parenchymal enlargement
Indistinct of the margins due to inflammation
Changes in density due to edema

A

Atrophy of the pancreas

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35
Q

The normal Cardio-Thoracic Ratio (CT ratio) in the newborn is
approximately

0.60
0.55
0.50
0.65

A

0.65

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36
Q

True statements regarding Ebstein’s Anomaly, EXCEPT:

Increased vascularity
Right atrial prominence
“Balloon” or “box-shaped”
Marked cardiomegaly

A

Increased vascularity

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37
Q

Diagnosis

Left lower lung pneumothorax
Right lower lobe pneumonia with consolidation
Right pleural effusion
Left lower lobe pneumonia with consolidation

A

Right lower lobe pneumonia with consolidation

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38
Q

Identify equipment/machine

X-RAY
CT-SCAN
ULTRASOUND
MRI

A

X-RAY

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39
Q

Main duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous neoplasm

Intercommunicate through dilated branch ducts
Have marked dilatation due to continuing mucin production
15% developing cancer in 5 years
Causes progressive hypertrophy of pancreatic parenchyma

A

Have marked dilatation due to continuing mucin production

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40
Q

Most scattered radiation encountered in diagnostic radiology

Compton effect
Coherent effect
Photoelectric effect
Rayleigh/classical scattering

A

Compton effect

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41
Q

True statement regarding Right Atrial Enlargement

Double density
Retrosternal fullness
Lateral and downward displacement of the cardiac apex
Lateral bulging of the right heart border

A

Lateral bulging of the right heart border

42
Q

Snowman appearance in the chest AP/PA radiograph

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
Pulmonary stenosis
Ebstein’s anomaly
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

A

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

43
Q

Criteria for an Ideal Chest radiograph, EXCEPT:

Anteroposterior view
Upright
6 feet target-film distance
Full/ Mid inspiration

A

Anteroposterior view

44
Q

Identify modality

CT-SCAN
ULTRASOUND
X-RAY
MRI

A

CT-SCAN

45
Q

Most duodenal tumors are malignant in this location

Second portion
Fourth portion
Third portion
Duodenal bulb

A

Fourth portion

46
Q

Diagnosis

Chronic infarct, Right MCA territory DWI-ADC MRI
cAcute infarct, Right MCA territory DWI-ADC MRI
Acute infarct, Left MCA territory DWI-ADC MR

A

Chronic infarct, Left MCA territory DWI-ADC MRI

47
Q

True statements regarding pregnancy and radiation, EXCEPT

In 1st two weeks radiation exposure has all or none effect
Radiation risk is highest in the third trimester and lowest in the first trimester
At 3-8 weeks radiation exposure organ malformation
8-15 weeks CNS is most sensitive

A

Radiation risk is highest in the third trimester and lowest in the first trimester

48
Q

The following are examples of air space disease, EXCEPT

Pulmonary edema
Empyema thoracis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary hemorr

A

Empyema thoracis

49
Q

Type of x-rays that is also termed “Braking radiation

E-shell x-rays
K-shell characteristic x-rays
Bremsstrahlung x-rays
Auger electr

A

Bremsstrahlung x-rays

50
Q

Signs of pancreatic tumor potential resectability, EXCEPT

Regional nodes may be involved
Absence of involvement of the celiac axis or SMA
Limited pancreatic extension of the tumor is present
Solitary hepatic metastasis

A

Solitary hepatic metastasis

51
Q

One diagnostic modality that does not utilize radiation

Fluoroscopy
PET-CT
Ultrasonography
Computed tomography

A

Ultrasonography

52
Q

Findings seen in pulmonary venous congestion, EXCEPT:

Redistribution: equalization of the vascular markings
Perihilar haziness
Peribronchial cuffing
Hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Hilar lymphadenopathy

53
Q

Gastric Lymphoma

Long-term silent growth to a large size is characteristic
Focal often irregular, wall thickening
Extensive adenopathy, especially if below the renal hila
None of the above

A

Extensive adenopathy, especially if below the renal hila

54
Q

Diagnosis

Left nephrolithiasis
Foreign body likely within the ascending colon
Cholelithiasis
Right ureterolithiasis

A

Left nephrolithiasis

55
Q

True statements regarding pancreatic abscess formation, EXCEPT:

Most have indistinct wall
Image guided aspiration confirms the diagnosis
Must be considered in any patient with a cystic pancreatic lesion and fever
Presence of gas bubbles within the cystic mass is a weak evidence for abscess

A

Presence of gas bubbles within the cystic mass is a weak evidence for abscess

56
Q

True statements regarding the left lateral chest x-ray, EXCEPT:

Demonstrate disease not visible on the frontal image
Help in the determining the location of the disease
Confirm the presence of a disease
Visualizes the apical regions of the lungs better than the apicolordotic view

A

Visualizes the apical regions of the lungs better than the apicolordotic view

57
Q

Most common cause of acute pancreatitis

Malignancy
Gallstone passage/impaction
Malnutrition
Alcohol abuse

A

Gallstone passage/impaction

58
Q

The apicoposterior segment of the lung is seen in:

Right upper lobe
Left upper lobe
Left lower lobe
Right middle lobe

A

Left upper lobe

59
Q

Pancreatic pseudocysts

Very high risk for malignancy
Septations and lobulated contours are common
Fluid density unilocular cysts associated with findings of acute or chronic pancreatitis
Serial imaging usually shows enlargement

A

Fluid density unilocular cysts associated with findings of acute or chronic pancreatitis

60
Q

True statements regarding gastric carcinoma, EXCEPT:

Most (95%) are Gastrointesntinal tumor
Third most common GI malignancy
Peak age is from 50 to 70 years old
Predisposing factors: smoking, pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis and
gastrojejunostomy

A

Most (95%) are Gastrointesntinal tumor

61
Q

Diagnose this chest x-ray

Pulmonary tuberculosis
Alveolar/pulmonary edema
Pneumothorax
Massive pleural effusion

A

Massive pleural effusion

62
Q

Identify structure

Gallbladder
Stomach
Rectum
Urinary bladder

A

Gallbladder

63
Q

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas

Usually in men
Surgical removal is recommended
Peripheral eggshell calcification is a common and non-specific finding
Most commonly seen on the head of the pancreas

A

Surgical removal is recommended

64
Q

Condition that can usually show bilateral pleural effusion

Renal failure
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Tumors
Lobar pneumon

A

Renal failure

65
Q

Condition that can usually show unilateral pleural effusion

Renal failure
Myocardial infarction
Liver cirrhosis
Tumors

A

Tumors

66
Q

Diagnosis

Polyp
Nephrolithiasis
Cholelithiasis
Bile sludge

A

Cholelithiasis

67
Q

The normal Cardio-Thoracic Ratio (CT ratio) in Adults is approximately

0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65

A

0.50

68
Q

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

Gallstone passage/impaction
Malnutrition
Alcohol abuse
Malignancy

A

Alcohol abuse

69
Q

These are the segments of the left lower lobe of the lung, EXCEPT:

Superior segment
Posterior basal segment
Lateral basal segment
Anterior basal segment

A

Anterior basal segment

70
Q

Basic units in radiation, EXCEPT:

Gray
Sievert
Rad
Hertz

A

Hertz

71
Q

Signs of pancreatic tumor unresectability, EXCEPT:

Regional nodes may be involved
Encasement of the celiac axis and SMA
Occlusion of the SMA or Portal vein without technical option for reconstruction
Lung metastasis

A

Regional nodes may be involved

72
Q

“Snowman appearance” in chest x-ray:

Mixed Type TAPVR
Type I TAPVR
Type II TAPVR
Type III TAPVR

A

Type I TAPVR

73
Q

True of Persistent Truncus Arteriosus :

Cardiomegaly
Pulmonary venous congestion or edema is rare in Type 1
Decreased vascularity
Prominent right atrium

A

Cardiomegaly

74
Q

Maximum acceptable radiation exposure in pregnancy

50 rads
0.5 mGy
5 rads
5 mGy

A

5 rads

75
Q

Number of segments in the right middle lobe

4
3
2
1

A

2

76
Q

Identify modality

ULTRASOUND
CT-SCAN
X-RAY
MRI

A

X-RAY

77
Q

True statement regarding chronic pancreatitis:

Findings of parenchymal hypertrophy and resolving fibrosis
Caused by prolonged and recurrent bouts of pancreatitis
The most common cause is steroid intake
Endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas are always preserved

A

Caused by prolonged and recurrent bouts of pancreatitis

78
Q

Autoimmune pancreatitis

Responsive to oral steroids
Periductal infiltration by neutrophils result in mass-like enlargement of the pancreas
Directly associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Mass-like enlargement of the pancreas due to presence of an adenocarcinoma

A

Responsive to oral steroids

79
Q

The total number protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Nuclear density
Atomic index
Atomic mass
Atomic numbe

A

Atomic mass

80
Q

Components of Tetralogy of Fallot, EXCEPT:

Right ventricular hypertrophy
Over-riding aorta
Large ventricular septal defect
Dilated pulmonary valve

A

Dilated pulmonary valve

81
Q

Role of imaging in pancreatitis, EXCEPT:

Assess severity
Required in its diagnosis
Detect complications
Determine prognosis

A

Required in its diagnosis

82
Q

Real time radiographic visualization of moving anatomic structures utilizing continuous x-ray

Ultrasonography
Fluoroscopy
Computed tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

Fluoroscopy

83
Q

Non-cyanotic congenital heart disease exhibiting increased vascularity, EXCEPT:

VSD
ASD
PTA
PDA

A

PTA

84
Q

Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Extensive adenopathy, especially if below the renal hila
None of the above
Focal often irregular, wall thickening
Long-term silent growth to a large size is characteristic

A

Focal often irregular, wall thickening

85
Q

Diagnosis

Left lower lobe mass
Left bulla
Left pleural effusion
Left pneumothorax with compressive atelectasis

A

Left pneumothorax with compressive atelectasis

86
Q

Diagnosis ( red arrow)

Acute subdural hematoma
Acute epidural hematoma
Chronic subdural hematoma
Chronic epidural hematoma

A

Chronic epidural hematoma

87
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart disease exhibiting increased vascularity

PTA
VSD
PDA
ASD

A

PTA

88
Q

Identify modality

X-RAY
MRI
ULTRASOUND
CT-SCAN

A

CT-SCAN

89
Q

Common x-ray findings seen in primary infection of PTB -except siguro ang question ani-

Adenopathies
Fibrosis
Pleural effusion
Ghon focus

A

Fibrosis

90
Q

True of Atrial Septal Defect :

Prominent left atrium and left ventricle
Enlarged main and central pulmonary arteries
Decreased vascularity
Prominent aortic knob

A

Enlarged main and central pulmonary arteries

91
Q

True statements regarding Ventricular Septal Defect in radiographs, EXCEPT:

Normal or enlarged cardiac size
Prominent aortic knob
Increased vascularity
Enlarged main and central pulmonary arteries

A

Prominent aortic knob

92
Q

Serous cystadenomas of the pancreas

Lesions communicate with the pancreatic duct
Innumerable tiny cysts making the lesion appear cystic
Most common is a macro-cystic form with larger cysts
Central stellate scar that may calcify is highly diagnostic

A

Central stellate scar that may calcify is highly diagnostic

93
Q

Identify modality

X-RAY
ULTRASOUND
CT-SCAN
MRI

A

ULTRASOUND

94
Q

Decreased vascularity, normal or enlarged cardiac size, right ventricular prominence and right sided aortic arch (in 20-25%) are seen in :

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Pulmonary Stenosis

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA)

95
Q

True statement regarding gastritis

Usually results to gastric outlet obstruction
Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice
Malignant
Thickened folds and superficial mucosal ulcerations (erosions)

A

Thickened folds and superficial mucosal ulcerations (erosions)

96
Q

Arciform pattern of splenic MRI contrast enhancement is seen in the:

Arterial phase
Portal phase
Delayed phase
Venous phase

A

Arterial phase

97
Q

Year when X-rays was discovered

1685
1785
1895
1995

A

1895

98
Q

True statement regarding pancreatic imaging, EXCEPT:

Imaging findings may be normal in mild cases
Ultrasound is used for follow-up of specific abnormalities such as fluid collections
Fluoroscopy is often utilized for real-time guidance in pancreatic biopsy
Contrast enhanced MDCT- most comprehensive assessmentNuclear density

A

Fluoroscopy is often utilized for real-time guidance in pancreatic biopsy

99
Q

The most common benign primary neoplasm of the spleen

Lymphoma
Hemangioma
Adenocarcinoma
Fibroadenoma

A

Hemangioma

100
Q

Indirect signs of atelectasis, EXCEPT:

Deviation of the fissure
Elevation of the diaphragm
Narrowing of the rib interspaces
Compensatory hyperinflation of the affected lung

A

Deviation of the fissure

or
Compensatory hyperinflation of the affected lung

RADIOLOGY FINALS (3 decks)

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