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A&P 1 > Ch.10 > Flashcards

Ch.10 Flashcards

1
Q

What cytoplasmic extensions, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons?

A

dendrites

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2
Q

Dendrite function

A

receives input of communication from other neurons

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3
Q

Axon function

A

carry nerve impulse away from cell body

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4
Q

One function of the nervous system

A

controls movement of muscle

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5
Q

The oculomotor nerve is a cranial nerve containing nerve fibers that innate eye muscles and control eye movement. These fibers are examples of..

A

motor neurons

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6
Q

What is the function of sensory receptors

A

detect changes in and outside the body

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7
Q

Three general functions of the nervous system

A

sensory input, integration and processing, motor output

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8
Q

How many axons and/or dendrites can a neuron have?

A

1 axon and many dendrites

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9
Q

Every neuron has which of the following components

A

cell body, 1 or more dendrites, axon

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10
Q

What is. myelin

A

layers of lipid and protein that wrap around axon

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11
Q

A myelinated nerve fiber is ____, whereas as unmyelinated nerve fiber is _____

A

white, grayM

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12
Q

Myelin is rich in

A

lipids

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13
Q

In Guilian-Barre syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve impulse and motor function

A

lose solitary conduction resulting in poor muscle function

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14
Q

Which cells produce myelin in the brain and spinal cord?

A

ologodendrocytes

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15
Q

What is a reason the axons in the CNS and PNS differ in their ability to regenerate after injury?

A

axons in the CNS lack neurilemmae

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16
Q

Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are ____

A

multipolar

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17
Q

In order for a severed peripheral nerve to regenerate and recover its original function, nerve fibers must sprout and enter tubes formed by what?

A

Schwann cells

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18
Q

Dendrites of unipolar neurons are parts of what type of neuron

A

sensory neurons

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19
Q

Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called

A

ganglia

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20
Q

Which neuroglia are not part of the CNS

A

satellite cells

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21
Q

Synaptic knobs are at the ends of

A

axons

22
Q

A test organism develops a genetic mutation that causes neurons to develop without synaptic knobs. How will this impact neuronal function?

A

no neurotransmitters storedPr

23
Q

synaptic neurons release neurotransmitters by the process of

A

exocytosisW

24
Q

hen an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles within the synaptic knob are release in response to the presence of ____

A

calcium ions

25
Q

How is an impulese transmitted from one neuron to another?

A

Impulse, presynaptic axon release neurons in cleft

26
Q

How are action potentials related to. impulses conducted along the length of an axon?

A

propagation of series of action potentials along nerve fiber

27
Q

If a neuron is stimulated causing changes in the membrane potential to the point where voltage-gated Na channels open and begin depolarizing the cell, the neuron is said to have reached _______

A

threshold

28
Q

Saltatory conduction is faster than conduction on

A

unmyelinated fiber

29
Q

The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is _______

A

thick and myelinated

30
Q

The resting cell membrane is more permeable to which ion

A

potassium

31
Q

If a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be______

A

hyperpolarized

32
Q

What is the correct sequence of events that occur along an axon after membrane reaches threshold?

A

Sodium channels open, membrane depolarizes, potassium channels open, membrane repolarizes

33
Q

How does a neuron cell membrane become depolarized

A

Sodium ion channels being open and diffusing into the cell

34
Q

Roughly how long does an excitatory postsynaptic potential last

A

15 miliseconds

35
Q

Each neuron in the CNS may receive input from which structure

A

axons

36
Q

When is an action potential triggered

A

SPSP exceeds IPSP

37
Q

The neurotransmitter that controls skeletal muscle contraction is

A

acetylcholine

38
Q

Which neurotransmitters are modified amino acids

A

dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine

39
Q

A drug that increases the action of serotonin by keeping serotonin in the synapse longer is most likely used to treat which disorder

A

clinical depression

40
Q

What occurs during reputake

A

neurotransmitter taken back into presynaptic neuron

41
Q

What types of neurons are organized into neuronal pools

A

interneuronsWha

42
Q

t is convergence

A

axons from neurons in different parts of nervous system contacting same neuron

43
Q

How do diverging axons amplify an inpulse

A

contacting many neurons (stimulating)

44
Q

What disorder involving an immune response that affects the myelin coating on axons throughout the spinal cord and brain, triggering inflammation and leaving scars

A

multiple sclerosis

45
Q

Why do opiate drugs derived from poppies relieve pain in humans

A

receptors for endogenous opiates

46
Q

What neurotransmitter is most likely released when a person uses a drug that creates a sense of well being

A

dopamine

47
Q

What structural type of neuron has a single process that extends from the cell body

A

unipolar

48
Q

Axon branches are called

A

collaterals

49
Q

Myelin is composed of

A

protein

50
Q

Two major cell types found in nervous tissue

A

neurons and neuroglia

51
Q
A

A&P 1 (8 decks)

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