Chapter 12 - Social Learning Theory Flashcards
What is C. Ray Jeffery’s Differential Reinforcement Theory?
- used operant learning (B. F. Skinner) w/ more emphasis on material & biological sources of learning
What is Ronald L. Akers’ Social Learning Theory?
- used social learning (Albert Bandura) that closely followed Differential Association
- suggests learning of deviant behaviour resulted from social interaction
- behaviour is learned through operant conditioning principles
- frequency and duration of behaviour depends on the amount of frequency
What is The Social Context of Social Learning Theory
- Mental health treatment
- Education experimented
- Corrections & juvenile justice
- all applied behaviour modification
what is the Intellectual Context of Social Learning Theory
- Symbolic interactionism was by Sutherland was replaced by modern learning theories of Jeffery & Akers
- behaviouristic psychology is the most obvious intellectual source
- Chicago’s cultural diversity approach (suggests social settings have different discriminative stimuli & behavioural consequences associated)
Learning Theory Basics: Six Principles
- Positive Reinforcement
- Negative Reinforcement
- Positive Punishment
- Negative Punishment
- Discriminative stimuli
- Schedule of consequences
What is Reinforcement
increases frequency of behavior
- Positive reinforcement: “reward” given for behavior
- Negative reinforcement: “punishment” taken away for behavior
What is Punishment
decreases frequency of behavior
- Positive punishment: punishment given for behavior
Negative punishment: reinforcer removed for behavior
What is Discriminative Stimuli
cues that reinforce or punish behaviour may be available
- only future behavior
- Allows for planning of behavior
What is the Schedule of Consequences
pattern of reinforcement/punishment
- Frequency and probability of consequence for behavior
- Length of time to consequence
What are the Differential Reinforcement Essentials
- non-social stimuli are more important than social stimuli in learning
—> Physical needs can motivate behavior
—> Many behaviors not motivated by social approval
What is Satiation and Deprivation? (operant learning)
Satiation:
reinforcement/punishment has occurred too often & now has little effect on individual
Deprivation:
reinforcement/punishment has occurred very infrequently and now has greater effect on individual
How does Differential Reinforcement relate to Crime?
- Irregular consequences for criminal acts
- Infrequent consequences are enough to reinforce or punish each time
Jeffery’s Later Approach to Learning
(dont need to memorize - skip)
Moved toward neurobiological explanations as part of focus on nonsocial stimuli
- Emphasis on material & brain-based reinforcement
- Social stimuli are merely discriminative stimuli
- Biological differences are reason behavior
How is Social Learning an Individual Process?
- Learning can be direct or indirect
- Learning deviance can be strengthened or weakened
—> Reinforcement for behaviour and alternate behaviour
Why is Social Learning Theory important Today
- Remains the prime revised version of DA theory
- One of today’s most dominant theories
- Often used to explain drug & alcohol use
