Data Analysis - Graphs And Statistics

Question 1

Mean

Answer 1

Adding up all the values in a data set and dividing by the number of values there are

Question 2

Mode

Answer 2

Most frequently occurring value in a set of data
Two modes = bi-modal
Can have no modes

Question 3

Median

Answer 3

The central value in a set of data when the values are ranged from lowest to highest

Question 4

Range

Answer 4

Subtracting the lowest score from the high score

Question 5

Standard deviation

Answer 5

The larger, the value of standard deviation, the greater the spread or dispersion within the set of data
The lower the value of standard deviation means the data is tightly clustered around them around the main meaning. Participants responded similarly
Standard deviation of 0 means all participants performed the same

Question 6

Summary table

Answer 6

Measures of central tendency
Measures of dispersion
Provides a clear summary of data

Question 7

Bar chart

Answer 7

Data is in categories
Columns do not touch

Question 8

Histogram

Answer 8

Represents data on a continuous scale
Columns touch
The height of the column shows the frequency of values

Question 9

Scattergram

Answer 9

Used for measuring the relationship between two variables
The pattern of plotted points reveals different types of correlation

Question 10

Normal distribution

Answer 10

Is symmetrical
The mean, mode and median are all at the same point with very few people at extreme ends

Question 11

Skewed distribution

Answer 11

A spread of frequency data that is not symmetrical and data is clustered on one end
Positively skewed - Distribution is concentrated towards the left, mean is higher than the median and mode
Negatively skewed - Distribution is concentrated towards the right, mean is lower than the median and mode

Question 12

Primary Data

Answer 12

Information that has been obtained first hand by a researcher for the purpose of a research project

Question 13

Secondary Data

Answer 13

Information that has already been collects by someone else and pre-dates the current research project

Question 14

Meta-Analysis

Answer 14

The process of combining the findings from a number of studies on a particular topic into an overall statistical conclusion

Question 15

Evaluation - Qualitative Data (STRENGTH)

Answer 15

Rich with detail
Respondent can fully report their thoughts, feelings and opinions
Higher external validity

Question 16

Evaluation - Qualitative Data (WEAKNESS)

Answer 16

Data often difficult to analyse
Conclusions often rely on subjective interpretations of the researcher (may be subject to bias)

Question 17

Evaluation - Quantitative Data (STRENGTH)

Answer 17

Easy to analyse
Comparisons can be easily drawn
Data is more objective and less open to bias

Question 18

Evaluation - Quantitative Data (WEAKNESS)

Answer 18

Much narrower in meaning and detail
May fail to represent real-life

Question 19

Evaluation - Primary Data (STRENGTH)

Answer 19

Authentic data obtained from participants

Question 20

Evaluation - Primary Data (WEAKNESS)

Answer 20

Requires time, effort, considerable planning, preparation and resources

Question 21

Evaluation - Secondary Data (STRENGTH)

Answer 21

Inexpensive
Easily accessible
Quick

Question 22

Evaluation - Secondary Data (WEAKNESS)

Answer 22

May be variation in the quality and accuracy of the data
May be outdated and incompatible
Data may not match the researcher’s needs
May challenge the validity of any conclusions

Question 23

Evaluation - Meta-Analysis (STRENGTH)

Answer 23

Can create a larger, more varied sample
Results can be generalised across larger populations
Increases validity

Question 24

Evaluation - Meta-Analysis (WEAKNESS)

Answer 24

May be prone to publication bias
Researcher may not select all relevant studies
Conclusions will be biased because they only represent some of the relevant data