Final Exam Grammar Structures

Question 1

basic 把 structure examples

Answer 1

sub. + ba + obj. + verb + result
- I place that book on the table.
我把那本书放在桌子上。
- Please clean your room!
请你把你的卧室打扫干净！

Question 2

把 + verb 给

Answer 2

sub. + ba + obj. + verb 给 + other info
- The library let me borrow a book.
图书馆把一本书借给我。
- My roommate introduced their mom to me.
我的室友把他的妈妈介绍给我。

Question 3

把 + verb 成

Answer 3

sub. + ba + obj. + verb 成 + other info
- I saw the cat as a dog.
我把猫看成一只狗。
- I heard shu as shi.
我把“书”听成“师”。

Question 4

final state 把

Answer 4

• He put the phone in the bag.
  他把手机放进书包了。
• I packed my suitcase all the way.
  我把行李收拾好了。

Question 5

resultative complement 把

Answer 5

• You finished your homework.
  把你的作业做完了。
• My homework exhausts me to death!
  我的作业把我累死了！

Question 6

先 … 再/然后

Answer 6

sub. + 先 + v(o), 再/然后 sub. + v(o)
- First I go to class, then I have lunch.
我先上课， 然后吃午饭。
- I washed my clothes first, then I cleaned the floor.
我先把我的衣服挂好，再打扫了我的地。

Question 7

负责

Answer 7

to be responsible for
- What are you responsible for?
你负责做什么?
- Who is in charge here?
那里谁负责？
- I am responsible for bringing the gifts up.
我负责把礼物搬上来。
- I am responsible for doing my work.
我负责做工作。

Question 8

快(要) … 了

Answer 8

something will happen soon
sub. + 快(要) + verb + 了
- The new year is coming soon.
新年快要到了。
- The weather is going to get warmer soon.
天气快暖和了。

Question 9

就要 … 了

Answer 9

something is about to happen
sub. + 就要 + verb + 了
- We are going to have a test in a week.
还有一个星期我们就要考试了。
- They are going to go to the beach tomorrow.
他们明天就要去海滩了。

Question 10

想(不)起来

Answer 10

sub. + 想起来 + v. + sub.
- Do you all remember learning this?
你们想起来学过这个吗？
- I don’t remember, we learned it a long time ago.
我想不起来，我们很久以前学的。
- I remember I left my phone on top of the table.
我想起来我把我的手机留在桌子上了。
- I don’t remember how to get to school.
我想不起来怎么去学校。

Question 11

resultative complements

Answer 11

完 finished
到 continuation to a certain point
在 ends at a certain place
开 away
上 together
成 become
会 mastered
懂 understand
给 ownership change
对 correctly
错 mistake
好 desired state or completion of action
坏 bad

Question 12

RC examples

Answer 12

• I finished speaking
  我说完了。
• I did not read it wrong.
  我没看错。
• I found two dogs.
  我把两只狗找到了。
• She gave you a gift.
  她送给你礼物了。
• I did not stand in class.
  我没有站在课堂。

Question 13

的时候 sentences

Answer 13

• When I am in Chinese class, I am happy.
  我上中文课的时候，我很高兴。
• When he was young, he was very handsome.
  他中年的时候，看起来也不错。
• When it is my birthday, I will drink a lot of Coke.
  我过生日的时候，我会喝很多可乐。

Question 14

帮 sentences

Answer 14

帮 + sub. + v. + other info
- Can you help buy me a cup of coffee?
请问，你可以帮我买一杯咖啡吗？
- I help other students with their exams.
我帮别的学生们做他们的考试。

Question 15

意思phrases

Answer 15

interesting：有意思
not interesting： 没有意思
what does it mean?： 什么意思？
not a big deal：没什么， 小意思
good idea： 好意思

Question 16

意思 sentence examples

Answer 16

• I don’t understand what you mean.
  我不明白你的意思。
• do you understand me?
  你懂我的意思吗？
• This story is not interesting.
  这个故事没有意思。
• History class is not interesting, but Chinese class is.
  历史课没有意思，可是中文课有意思。

Question 17

对 for interest

Answer 17

对 + something + 感兴趣
- I am interested in watching movies.
我对看电影感兴趣。
- What are you interested in?
你对什么感兴趣？
- I am not interested in learning math.
我对学数学不感兴趣。

Question 18

对 for helpful to

Answer 18

A 对 B + 有帮助
- Studying every day is helpful for understanding Chinese.
每天学习对懂中文有帮助

Question 19

对 for benefits

Answer 19

A 对 B 有好处/有坏处
- Eating a lot of green vegetables and fruit is beneficial for your health.
吃很多青菜和水果对你的健康好处。

Question 20

对 for useful to

Answer 20

A 对 B 有用处
- Exercising is useful for staying healthy
运动对保持(bao3chi2)健康有用处

Question 21

一直 as always

Answer 21

• I always want to eat a lot
  我一直想吃很多.

Question 22

一直 as walking straight

Answer 22

一直走
- Walk straight ahead from there, then you will arrive.
从那儿往前一直走，就到了。

Question 23

yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last time

Answer 23

昨天，上个星期，上个月，去年，上次/前一次

Question 24

today, this week, this month, this year, this time

Answer 24

今天，这个星期，这个月，今年，这次

Question 25

tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next time

Answer 25

明天，下个星期，下个月，明年，下次/后一次

Question 26

time sentence structure

Answer 26

time + sub. + other info 或者 sub. + time + etc.
- I saw you four times yesterday.
昨天我见过你四次。
- Last year, I lived in Williamsburg.
去年我住在威廉斯堡。
- How many months ago did you go to China?
你几个月以前去过中国？

Question 27

How many days, weeks, months, years, time?

Answer 27

多少天，几个星期，几个月，多少年，多少次？

Question 28

directional complements in a direction

Answer 28

in: 进
out: 出
up: 上
down: 下
return: 回
across: 过
ascend: 起 (来)

Question 29

DC in relation to speaker

Answer 29

go: 去
come: 来

Question 30

directional completement sentences

Answer 30

sub. + verb + DC
- Please, come inside!
请你进来！
- The dog ran downstairs.
狗跑下楼了。
- I want to go outside and play.
我想出去外边玩。
- Dad moved my books out of the car.
爸爸把我的书从车里搬了出来。

Question 31

好像 sentences

Answer 31

sub. + 好像 + v/adj.
- He seems like a good student.
他好像很好的学生。
- That cat seems hungry. I should give him a lot of food.
那只猫好像很饿。我应该给他很多饭。
- You seem to be very sleepy.
你好像很困。

Question 32

着 continuous modifier examples

Answer 32

sub. + v. + 着 + other info
- My friend is wearing a blue coat.
我的朋友穿着一件蓝色(yi jian4 lan2se) 的外套。
- The computer is on the table.
桌子上放着电脑。
- She is sitting down
她坐着。

Question 33

着 the way in which a verb is happening

Answer 33

adj/v1 + 着 + v2
- Mother is standing while cooking.
妈妈站着做饭。
- You should try getting up earlier.
你应该试着早点起床。

Question 34

多 adjectives

Answer 34

high/tall: 高
long: 长 zhang3
far: 远 yuan3
fast: 快
heavy: 重 zhong4
big: 大

Question 35

how (多)? sentences

Answer 35

sub. + verb + (有)多 + adj.
- “How heavy are you?” “I weigh 200 pounds.”
“请问，你有多重？” “我有重两百磅。”
- “How fast can he run?” “He can run 50 miles per hour.”
”他跑步跑得又快？“ ”他能每小时跑五十英里。“
- How long? (time)
多长时候(了)?

Question 36

不到 sentences

Answer 36

sub. + 不到 + # [measure word] + noun
- There are less than 10 phones in this box.
这个箱子里的手机不到十个。
- I am less than 21 years old, so I can’t drink alcohol.
我不到二十一岁，所以我不可以喝酒精。

Question 37

more than (多) sentences

Answer 37

多 + verb
- I am more than 21 years old, so I can drink alcohol.
我二十一岁多了，所以我可以喝酒精。
- I have a little more money than you.
我的钱比你的多一点儿。

Question 38

emphatic structure sentences

Answer 38

S 连 V 都/也 O
- This question is so difficult, even John doesn’t know how to solve it.
这个问题很难，连 John 都不会做这个问题。
S 连 O 都/也 V
- You have even seen this movie, this movie is so new!
你连这部电影都看过，这部电影太新了！

Question 39

过 experiential sentences

Answer 39

v. + 过 … 没有？或者 过… 吗？
- Have you ever seen the Beijing Opera?
你看过京剧吗？
- I have never been to the Great Wall.
我没有去过长城。
- He said he had eaten that snack before.
他说他以前吃过那种小吃。
- I have already taken a shower.
我洗过澡了。

Question 40

these two things are (not) the same

Answer 40

A 跟 B 一样
- You look just as young as before.
您看起来跟以前一样年轻。
A 像 B 一样
- I run as fast as my older sister.
我跑的像姐姐跑得一样快。
A 和 B 一样
- My friend and I are not the same height.
我和我的室友高不一样

Question 42

A is more than B (sometimes with quantifiers)

Answer 42

A 比 B (… 多了，一点儿）
- I have more white hair than before.
我的白头发比以前多了。

Question 43

A is less than B

Answer 43

A 没有（或者不如） B （那么）
- Now compared to before I am not as energetic.
我现在不如以前精神了。
- Her food is not as tasty as mine.
她做的菜没有我做的菜好吃。

Question 44

relative comparison

Answer 44

• I think my test is relatively difficult.
  我觉得我的考试比较难。

Question 45

superlative comparison

Answer 45

• Dumplings are the best dish.
  饺子是最好的菜。

Question 46

emphatic degree comparision

Answer 46

• She is a good professor, but he is even better.
  她是个好教授，可是他更好。

Question 47

gradual change comparison

Answer 47

• As spring approaches, it gets warmer day by day.
  春天正在来快了，天琦一天比一天暖和了。

Question 48

potential complement options

Answer 48

able to find: 找得到
unable to sleep: 睡不着
able to afford: 买得起
able to help: 帮得到
able to do: 做得了
to have enough time to: 来得及
visible: 看得见
able to buy: 买得到
able to reserve: 订得到
able to move: 搬得动

Question 49

potential complement sentence examples

Answer 49

• It is 12:50, we don’t have time to take the test.
  现在是十二点五十分钟，我们来不及考试。
• When my teacher speaks Chinese, I am not able to understand her.
  我的老师说中文的时候，我听不懂。
• I can afford plane tickets to Hong Kong.
  我买得起去香港的机票。

Question 50

double 了 sentences

Answer 50

s + v + 了 + duration + 了
- I have been learning Chinese for three years.
我已经学中文学了三年了。
- My little brother has been living in Germany for more than six months.
我弟弟已经在德国了六个月多了。

Question 51

compass directional terms

Answer 51

north: 北 bei3
south: 南 nan2
east: 东 dong1
west: 西 xi1

Question 52

May I ask, how can I go to this place?

Answer 52

请问，这个地方怎么走？

Question 53

May I ask, do you know how to get to…?

Answer 53

请问，你知道怎么去。。。吗？

Question 54

directional grammar

Answer 54

• Go ___
  往。。。走
  往东走。
• Walk to ___
  走到。。。
  走到第四个交叉口。
• Turn ___
  往。。。转
  往左转。

Question 55

First you go forward from here, walk until you reach the intersection ahead, then turn right.

Answer 55

先你从这儿往前走，走到前面的交叉口，然后往右转。

Question 56

more and more

Answer 56

越来越
- As kids grow up, they get taller and taller.
孩子们长大了，他们越来越高。

Question 57

the more A, the more B

Answer 57

越 A, 越 B
- The more energetic you are, the better your learning results will be.
你越精神，学习效果越好。