Week 9 - Generalization & Self-Management Flashcards
Discrimination refers to _______ stimulus control
Generalization refers to ______ ________ stimulus control
Precise
Less precise
Why generalization important?
Real world is not likely to give exact copies of the controlling stimuli that occurred during training
What are some strategies to promote generalization?
1) when you see generalization, reinforce it
2) train skills that contact naturally occurring contingencies of reinforcement
3) modify contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in the NATURAL environment
4) incorporate a VARIETY of relevant stimulus during training
5) train range of functionally EQUIVALENT responses (ex. Different door handles)
6) incorporate stimuli from training into real world
7) promote cues and prompts in setting
What does it mean to “teach loosely” in terms of generalization?
Randomize NON- IMPORTANT stimuli you DONT want controlling the behaviour
What are the 2 types of self-management problems?
1) behaviour deficits (desirable behaviours are not occurring)
- reinforcers may be delayed
- reinforcers may have little value
- high response cost
Ex) procrastination
2) behavioural excess (undesirable behaviours are occurring)
- punishers may be delayed
- immediate reinforcers present
- low response cost
What is the self-management process?
In self-management you engage in a controlling behaviour (SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGY) in the present to influence the controlled behaviour (TARGET BEHAVIOUR TO BE CHANGED) in the future
What are some self-management strategies?
1) goal setting
2) self-monitoring/evaluation
3) antecedent manipulations
4) behavioural contract (contract manager)
5) arrange reinforcers and punishers (avoid “short-circuiting” the contingency)
6) social support, self-instructions, self-praise
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Present SDs for desirable behaviours
Present S-delta for undesirable behaviours
Remove SDs for undesirable behaviours
Remove S-delta for desirable behaviours
Arrange a EO for desirable behaviours (e.g. deprivation)
Arrange a AO for undesirable behaviours (e.g. satiation)
Decrease response effort or delays for desirable behaviours
Increase response effort or delays for undesirable behaviours
Build behaviour chains for desirable behaviours
Interrupt behaviour chains for undesirable behaviours
Narrow the range of stimulus control to specific environments or stimuli
What are some common problems with self-management?
UNCLEAR descriptions of antecedents and consequences in the functional assessment
UNCLEAR descriptions of intervention procedures
Procedures aren’t practical- too much time, $$$ or effort (ratio strain)
Consequences too DELAYED to be effective
Consequences are TOO WEAK or easily short-circuited
