Finals

Question 1

consist of 3 groups: liverworts, hornworts, and mosses; lack vascular tissue; no true roots, stems, and leaves; dominant independent: photosynthetic gametophyte; dependent sporophyte

Answer 1

non-vascular plants

Question 2

include the ferns; dominant photosynthetic sporophyte; independent gametophyte

Answer 2

seedless vascular plants

Question 3

include the gymnosperms; dominant photosynthetic sporophyte; dependent gametophyte

Answer 3

seed vascular plants

Question 4

cone-bearing plants

Answer 4

gymnosperms

Question 5

fruit-bearing or flowering plants; divided into dicot and monocot

Answer 5

angiosperms

Question 6

refers to increase in height

Answer 6

primary growth

Question 7

refers to increase in diameter and formation of woody structure

Answer 7

secondary growth

Question 8

embryonic or growth tissue; composed of small actively dividing cells; have thin walls and large nuclei; lack vacuoles and intercellular spaces

Answer 8

meristematic tissues

Question 9

located at the tips of roots and stems; responsible for establishing patterns and producing new, genetically healthy cells

Answer 9

terminal/apical meristems

Question 10

portions of apical meristems separated from the apex during development; lie below the node and at the base of stem of grasses; disappear when transformed into permanent tissue

Answer 10

intercalary meristems

Question 11

composed of initial cells that divided chiefly in one plane; increase the diameter of the organ

Answer 11

lateral meristems

Question 12

forms the dermal tissues; irreplaceable

Answer 12

protoderm

Question 13

forms the vascular tissues

Answer 13

procambium

Question 14

forms the ground tissues

Answer 14

ground meristem

Question 15

cover the body of plant; responsible for absorption of water and minerals, secretion of cuticle, protection against herbivores, control gas exchange; have few intercellular spaces

Answer 15

dermal tissues

Question 16

composed of fatty material, water-proof cutin; covered by epicuticular wax; outer covering of leaves; protects the plant for desiccation and microbes

Answer 16

cuticle

Question 17

responsible for gas exchange and cellular recognition

Answer 17

epidermal cells

Question 18

unicellular or multicellular outgrowths from the epidermal cells; responsible for nutrition and absorption and protection from herbivores and humans

Answer 18

trichomes

Question 19

form the bulk of the softer parts of plants; include the pith and cortex of stem, leaf tissues, and major portion of fruits; responsible for storage, basic metabolism and support

Answer 19

fundamental ground tissues

Question 20

most common and most abundant plant tissue; occur in all organs of higher plants; have long-lived protoplast, large vacuoles, and thin walls

Answer 20

parenchyma

Question 21

contains chloroplast for photosynthesis

Answer 21

chlorenchyma

Question 22

parenchyma with prominent intercellular spaces to improve gas exchange and provide maximum support; found in spongy layer of the leaf

Answer 22

aerenchyma

Question 23

parenchyma specialized for short-distance transport of solutes; occur in areas of high solute transport along the conducting cells of xylem and phloem

Answer 23

transfer cells

Question 24

composed of elongated cells with unevenly thickened stretchable cell walls; support the growing regions of the shoot

Answer 24

collenchyma

Question 25

composed of rigid cells with thick unstretchable cell walls; occur in all mature parts of plants, usually dead at maturity

Answer 25

sclerenchyma

Question 26

relatively short cells with variable shapes; usually occur in singly or in small groups

Answer 26

sclereids

Question 27

long, slender cells with sufficient tensile strength; occur in strands or in bundles

Answer 27

fibers

Question 28

specialized for long-distance transport of water and dissolved solutes

Answer 28

vascular tissues

Question 29

principal food-conducting tissue in vascular plants; transports dissolved organic materials in all directions throughout the plant

Answer 29

phloem

Question 30

have primary cell wall that are not highly modified; could be protophloem or metaphloem

Answer 30

primary phloem

Question 31

constitutes the inner layer of bark

Answer 31

secondary phloem

Question 32

sieve elements; lack nucleus and alive at maturity

Answer 32

conducting cells in phloem

Question 33

more primitive than sieve tube members; long and have tapered, overlapping ends

Answer 33

sieve cells

Question 34

more evolutionary advanced; shorter and wider; arranged from end-to-end; have larger sieve areas; associated with at least one companion cell

Answer 34

sieve tube members

Question 35

principal water-conducting tissue in vascular plants; transports water upward from the roots up to the leaves

Answer 35

xylem

Question 36

have secondary cell wall that are highly modified; could be protoxylem or metaxylem

Answer 36

primary xylem

Question 37

commonly called wood; cells are more abundant and in different frequencies

Answer 37

secondary xylem

Question 38

elongated, dead cells with thick, lignified cell wall

Answer 38

conducting cells in xylem

Question 39

the most primitive and least specialized; long slender cells with tapered, overlapping ends; have fiber-tracheids for support; the only water conducting cells in gymnosperms

Answer 39

tracheids

Question 40

more evolutionary advanced than tracheids; shorter and wider; arranged end-to-end; found in angiosperms

Answer 40

vessel elements