Diseases of peripheral nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is ddx, hx, PE and Ix for CNS lesions, peripheral nerves, NMJ disorders and muscle diseases?

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2
Q

Define radiculopathy, plexopathy and neuropathy (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, polyneuropathy)

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□ Radiculopathy involving nerve roots
□ Plexopathy involving nerve plexus
□ Neuropathy involving nerves
→ Mononeuropathy: only one nerve affected
→ Mononeuritis multiplex: multiple sequential mononeuropathies
→ Polyneuropathy: symmetrical involvement of all/most peripheral nerves

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3
Q

How to classify diseases of the peripheral nerves?

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4
Q

What are the clinical features of diseases of the peripheral nerves?

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5
Q

What are the mechanisms of mononeuropathy?

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□ Entrapment: damage to a nerve where it passes through a tight space
□ Trauma
□ Other focal lesions, eg. granulomatous inflammation

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6
Q

What are the causes of entrapment mononeuropathy?

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7
Q

What are the causes of mononeuritis multiplex?

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8
Q

What are the causes of polyneuropathy?

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9
Q

What are causes of acute and chronic axonal disease and what are there clinical features?

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10
Q

What are causes of acute and chronic demyelinating disease and what are there clinical features?

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11
Q

What are SS of polyneuropathy?
How to dx according to pattern of SS?

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12
Q

What ddx consideration for polyneuropathy?
What is the workup and Ix done?

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13
Q

What is disease modifying Tx and symptomatic Tx for polyneuropathy?

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133 Antiganglioside antibodies (incl. anti-GQ1B, anti-GD3, anti-GM1) are associated with certain forms of GBS.
134 Anti-myelin associated glycoprotein antibodies are found in a rare form of CIDP-like polyneuropathy.
135 Anti-Hu and anti-Yo antibodies are often found in paraneoplastic neuropathies.

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14
Q

What is classical presentation of GBS?
What is associated disease?
What are the types?

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15
Q

What are the clinical features and SS of GBS?

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16
Q

What are the Ix done for GBS?

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17
Q

What is the Mx of GBS?
What is the prognosis?

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18
Q

What are SS of Miller Fisher syndrome?
What Ix?
What ddx?
What Mx?

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19
Q

What is the clinical features of CIDP?
What Ix done?

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20
Q

What is the ddx and Mx for CIDP?

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21
Q

What are causes and examples of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy?

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Causes: genetics (mostly autosomal dominant), pathology: demyelinating, hypomyelination or axonal degenerative
Ex: Charcot Mariet Tooth disease (CMTD), hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP)

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22
Q

When is onset of Charcot Marie Tooth disease?
What is etiology?
What are SS?
What is the Ix done?

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23
Q

What kind of neuropathy is spinal muscular atrophy?
What gene association?
What is the classification type?
What are SS?
What is the Ix done to make dx?
What is Mx?

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24
Q

What is affected in motor neuron disease? Its pathology?
What are the variants?

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25
Q

What are causes of mixed UMN/LMN lesion?

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26
Q

What is the clinical presentation of motor neuron disease?

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27
Q

What is the PE, Ix and Mx for motor neuron disease?

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28
Q

What are the causes of toxic neuropathies?
What are the clinical features?

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29
Q

What is cause of MG?
What associated conditions?
What are the types of MG?

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30
Q

What are the clinical features of MG?
What are characteristic signs of MG?

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31
Q

What are the Ix done for MG?

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32
Q

What is the ddx for ocular MG and generalized MG?

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33
Q

What is the Mx for MG?

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34
Q

What is the approach to management of acute exacerbation of MG i.e. myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis?

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35
Q

Apart from MG what other myasthenic syndromes are there?
What is the SS, dx and Tx?

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36
Q

What are the inherited and acquired causes of muscles?

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37
Q

What are the clinical features of muscle diseases?
What are the Ix done?

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38
Q

What is the classification of muscular dystrophy?

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39
Q

What is the cause of X linked dystrophinopathies?
What is SS?
What is Mx?

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40
Q

What is cause of myotonia?
What are features?
What is clinical test?

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41
Q

What is the cause of myotonic dystrophy?
What are SS?
What is dx?
What is Mx?

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42
Q

What are the ion chanellopathies that can mainfest as myotonic syndromes?

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43
Q

What is the pathogenesis of periodic paralysis?
What is it characterized by?
What are the subtypes

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44
Q

What is the etiology of malignant hyperthermia?
What are the clinical features?
What Ix?
What is Mx?

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45
Q

What are the main types of inflammatory myopathies?

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□ Dermatomyositis (DM)
□ Polymyositis (PM)
□ Inclusion body myositis (IBM)
□ Autoimmune necrotizing myopathy (AINM)
□ Overlap myositis (when a/w collagen vascular disease)

46
Q

What are the SS of inflammatory myopathies?
Adult form a/w malignancy

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47
Q

What is the pathology, clinical course and SS of polymyositis vs dermatomyositis?

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48
Q

What is the Ix done for inflammatory myopathy?
How to make a dx?
What is the Mx?

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49
Q

What is the etiology of rhabdomyolysis?

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50
Q

What are clinical features of rhabdomyolysis?
What are the Ix?
What is the Mx?

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51
Q

What are the indications for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis?

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52
Q

Why is nerve conduction study done for GBS?

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  • Confirm the dx of GBS especially in atypical cases
  • Determine the subtype of GBS (demyelinating vs axonal) which has prognostic implicationo
  • Axonal has more severe course, greater short term morbidity and longer recovery –> has loss of amplitude
  • Demyelination: prolonged conduction time
53
Q

Criteria for MFS

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