VOCAB WORDS

Question 1

hieratic scale

Answer 1

scale based on relative importance

more important a figure could mean the larger he or she is in relation to figures around them

Question 2

ka

Answer 2

ancient egypt

supposed spiritual part of an individual human being or god, which survived (with soul) after deal and could reside in a statue of the person

spirt of life force of an individual that lives on after death

Question 3

kouros

Answer 3

archaic greek statue of a young man

often standing and naked

represented the idea of youth

Question 4

scholar-officials (or literati)

Answer 4

elite class of imperial china

well educated people interested in literature

Question 5

edict of milan

Answer 5

constantine issues this edict

established religious toleration for Christianity within the roman empire

Question 6

skeuomorph

Answer 6

object or feature which imitates the design of a similar artifact made from another material

can be made specifically to resemble another figure to make it look more familiar

Question 7

iwalewa

Answer 7

character is beauty or beauty within

borrowed from the language of the yoruba

Question 8

effigy

Answer 8

life size sculptural representation of a specific person or prototypical figure

sculpture or model of a person

Question 9

tenochtitlan

Answer 9

capital of the aztec empire/city

Mexica founded this after leaving their homeland of Aztlan at the direction of their god Huitzilopochtli

Question 10

huitzilopochtli

Answer 10

Templo Mayer in Tenochtitlan

Huitzilopochtli temple at the top of this

god of war, rain, agriculture
each had a shrine at the top of the pyramid with separate staircases

this temple dominated compared to all others

Question 11

coatlicue

Answer 11

aztec mother goddess

goddess of childbirth, fertility, life, and death

guiding souls through the process of rebirth

represented as a woman wearing a skirt of snakes and a nacklace made of human heats hands and skulls

Question 12

kiva

Answer 12

a chamber, built wholly or partly underground

venue for mainly rituals or religious ceremonies, but can also be used for casual gatherings or political meetings

Question 13

sipapu

Answer 13

inside a kiva

hole in the floor of the pueblo indian kiva

can sometimes symbolize a hole in which humans climbed into the world

Question 14

mimbres

Answer 14

(mimbres culture)

generally hand coiled bowls that were smoothed and shaped

certain type of pottery

bowls

Question 15

romanesque

Answer 15

“in the Roman manner”

developed in contrast with the Eastern Byzantine empire

monasteries persist as centers of learning

related to a style of architecture which prevailed europe c. 900-1200 and could date back to end of roman empire

Question 16

pilgrimage

Answer 16

context for interactions between pilgrims or people involved in pilgrimage and the art they encountered

devotional practice consisting of a journey taken towards a destination of signifgance

Question 17

trumeau

Answer 17

vertical post dividing a large doorway and supporting lintel and tymoanum

mirror having a painted or carved panel above or below the glass in the same frame

section of wall or a pillar between two openings

Question 18

reliquary

Answer 18

container for holy relics

often in form of caskets, but could be common for them to be shaped like statues or body parts

Question 19

pointed arch

Answer 19

in the romanesque time period

in cathedrals

has a pointed crown with two curving sides meet at a sharp angle at the top of the arch

Question 20

ribbed vault

Answer 20

arch feature for covering a wide space (church nave) composed or crossed or diagonal arched ribs

laid to form a ceiling or roof by being in arched form

Question 21

flying buttress

Answer 21

arch that extends out from a tall stone wall

popular during the gothic period

buttress slanting from a separate pier, typically forming an arch with the wall it supports

Question 22

rose window

Answer 22

circular window with tracery radiating in a form suggesting a rose

large circular stained glass windows found in gothic churches

Question 23

sutton hoo

Answer 23

excavation

c.1936

site of two anglo-saxon cemeteries

important because provides one of the richest sources of archaeological evidence in englands history

Question 24

scriptorium

Answer 24

monastic workshops for manuscript production

room set apart for writing, especially in a monastery where manuscripts were copied

Question 25

carpet page

Answer 25

page in an illuminated manuscript containing intricate or patterned designs

typically placed at the beginning of a gospel book

Question 26

colophon

Answer 26

last page of text, where monk may have signed his work, place for additional inscriptions/additions

Question 27

parchment

Answer 27

general term for animal skin prepared for writing

Question 28

judaism

Answer 28

religion

monotheistic (one God who made a covenant with Abraham)

emphasis on religious learning through study of Torah

Torah outlines laws for Jewish people to follow and first five books of the Tanakh

Question 29

synagogue

Answer 29

community house of worship that serves as a place for religious instruction

judaism/ jewish

Question 30

mosaic

Answer 30

decoration of a surface with designs made up of a closely set

usually colored and have small pieces of material in it

Question 31

illuminated manuscript

Answer 31

manuscript embellished with imagery and/or decoration

Question 32

icon

Answer 32

Icon of St. Michael the Archangel (example)

religious painting

Question 33

iconoclasm

Answer 33

timeline for this

726-730 CE- emperor leo calls for this

787 CE- empress calls for end

813 CE- emperor leo reinstitutes second phase

843 CE= reinstates importance of the image (end of it)

refers to as image breaking and refers to a recurring historical impulse to break or destroy images for religious/political reasons

Question 34

mandorla

Answer 34

almond shaped enclosure/light which is depicted around christ or the virgin mary