validity

Question 1

model we create to study our reasoning. there can be infinitely many

Answer 1

logical system

Question 2

the rules and principles of reasoning that we use every day. the study of our reasoning.

Answer 2

logic

Question 3

the structure of logic. replacing words with symbols reveals form. reasoning depends on form

Answer 3

formal/ symbolic logic

Question 4

whenever the premises are true, the conclusion is also true.

Answer 4

deductive logical entailment

Question 5

true or false: it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false

Answer 5

true

Question 6

true or false: whenever the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false

Answer 6

true

Question 7

what makes a valid argument?

Answer 7

premises entail the conclusion

Question 8

possibility and likelihood in logic. (“probably”, “likely”)

Answer 8

inductive logic

Question 9

guarantee and certainty in logic (“it is certain that…”, “guarantees that”)

Answer 9

deductive logic

Question 10

give people the benefit of doubt and interpret their arguments in a reasonable way

Answer 10

principle of clarity

Question 11

true or false: circular reasoning is valid

Answer 11

true

Question 12

true or false: an argument w contradictory premises is valid

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what makes an argument invalid?

Answer 13

when the premises are true and the conclusion is false

Question 14

a necessary truth due to logical laws

Answer 14

logical truth

Question 15

a necessary falsehood due to logical laws

Answer 15

logical falsity

Question 16

true or false: an argument with a logically ture conclusion is always valid

Answer 16

true

Question 17

something that might or might not be the case from a logical point of view; not necessary.

Answer 17

contingent

Question 18

something that must be true because of the laws of logic

Answer 18

logical necessity

Question 19

adding premises to make a new argument

Answer 19

augmentation

Question 20

true or false: augmentation can make a valid argument invalid

Answer 20

false

Question 21

valid + true premises

Answer 21

sound

Question 22

what are the 3 weird cases of validity?

Answer 22

circular reasoning, logically true conclusions, and contradictory premises

Question 23

what is an atomic sentence?

Answer 23

letters, no symbols

Question 24

what is the number of rows in a truth table?

Answer 24

2^n

Question 25

grammar and form

Answer 25

syntax

Question 26

meaning and truth

Answer 26

semantics

Question 27

use and context

Answer 27

pragmatics

Question 28

a sentence that is logically true because of the truth functional connectives (Pv~P)

Answer 28

tautology

Question 29

simplify using demorgan’s:
1. ~(PvQ)
2. ~(P&Q)

Answer 29

1. ~P&~Q
2. ~Pv~Q

Question 30

what is a counterexample?

Answer 30

a row in which the premise is true and the conclusion false

Question 31

true or false: if an argument has true premises and a true conclusion, then it must be valid

Answer 31

false

Question 32

true or false: if an argument is invalid, then it must be unsound

Answer 32

true

Question 33

true or false: a contingently false premise can entail a contingently true conclusion

Answer 33

truet

Question 34

true or false: a contingently true premise can entail a contingently false conclusion

Answer 34

false

Question 35

true or false: a logically true premise can entail a contingently true conclusion

Answer 35

false