1469-71: Key Events

Question 1

Which French King offered Warwick lands to attack Burgundy? Which lands? By when?

Answer 1

Louis XI
Holland + Zeeland
spring 1469

Question 2

When was the first Yorkshire uprising in 1469? Who led the rebellion? Who was their real identity? What was the grievances of the rebels?

Answer 2

April 1469
Robin of Redesdale
Sir John Conyers, a Neville supporter
general abuse of power

Question 3

When was the second Yorkshire uprising in 1469? Who led the rebellion? What was the grievances of the rebels?

Answer 3

May 1469
Robin of Holderness
demanded restoration of Henry Percy

Question 4

Who put down the 1469 Yorkshire rebellions? Who was appointed to lead oyer and terminer for rebels, despite potential connection to rebels?

Answer 4

John Neville, Lord Montagu
Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

Question 5

When did Edward IV call on Warwick & Clarence to put down the Yorkshire rebels? What were the responses?

Answer 5

early July 1469
ignored, so Edward moved N instead

Question 6

When did Warwick, Clarence and George Neville flee to Calais? Who tried to convince Clarence to not go?

Answer 6

July 1469
Cecily Neville

Question 7

When was the marriage in Calais, between who? Why was this so controversial?

Answer 7

11th July 1469
Isabel Neville + Clarence
forbidden by Edward IV

Question 8

When did Warwick & Clarence issue their manifesto? What did it say?

Answer 8

12th July 1469
condemns promotion of Woodvilles, calls on “Princes of the Blood”

Question 9

When was the Battle of Edgcote? Who was it between? Who won? Who was executed after?

Answer 9

24th July 1469
Robin of Redesdale + rebels vs Royal Army (Herbert + Stafford)
Northern Rebels
William Herbert (Pembroke) & Humphrey Stafford (Devon)

Question 10

What happened to Edward IV after the Battle of Edgcote? When? Why?

Answer 10

captured
29th July 1469
oblivious to loss

Question 11

Who assumed government after Edward IV’s capture? What lands did he give himself?

Answer 11

Warwick
Herbert’s lands in S. Wales

Question 12

Which Woodvilles were executed during Edward IV’s capture? When? What happened?

Answer 12

Richard Woodville (Rivers) + John Woodville (Rivers’ son)
12th Aug 1469
found guilty in show trial

Question 13

When was Edward IV released from capture? Why?

Answer 13

10th Sept 1469
Warwick + Clarence lacked nobility support, needed loyal Yorkist supporters to put down Lanc rebellions in N

Question 14

When was Henry Percy released from the Tower of London? When was he restored as Earl of Northumberland? Who did he replace?

Answer 14

27th October 1469
March 1470
John Neville (Montagu)

Question 15

When were Warwick’s lands in S. Wales given back to Herbert’s heir? Who controlled them during his minority?

Answer 15

Feb 1470
Richard, Duke of Gloucester

Question 16

In which month was Edward IV a particularly active importer? How many ships entered/left London?

Answer 16

Feb 1470
25+

Question 17

How was John Neville compensated after being replaced as Earl of Northumberland by Henry Percy?

Answer 17

• made Marquess of Montagu
• given lands in SW England
• his son betrothed Edward IV’s daughter Elizabeth of York (but never actually married)

Question 18

When was the Lincolnshire rebellion? What caused it? Who stirred up the rebellion?

Answer 18

spring 1470
Sir Robert Welles attacked Gainsborough Old Hall, belonging to Sir Thomas Burgh of Gainsborough, a loyal supporter of Edward IV
Warwick + Clarence

Question 19

When was the Battle of Losecoat Field? What caused it? Who was it between? Who won? Who was found to be involved and exposed after?

Answer 19

12th Mar 1470
Lincolnshire rebellion
Lincolnshire rebels vs Edward IV’s army
Edward IV’s army
Warwick + Clarence

Question 20

When did Warwick + Clarence defy a summons? Where did they flee?

Answer 20

April 1470
France

Question 21

When was the Angers Agreement? What were the terms?

Answer 21

July 1470
- alliance of Warwick + Margaret
- supported by Louis XI of France
- Henry VI to be restored
- marriage of Edward of Lanc + Anne Neville (W’s daughter)

Question 22

Who led the 1470 Yorkshire rebellion? When? Who led the Cumberland rebellion?

Answer 22

Lord FitzHugh of Ravensworth
Summer 1470
Richard Sulkeld

Question 23

Which Neville defected to join Warwick as a Lancastrian, who had just returned to England? When? What did this cause?

Answer 23

Montagu
13th Sept 1470
Edward IV flees, fearing death in potential battle

Question 24

Where did Edward IV flee to in 1470? Why?

Answer 24

Burgundy
sought support from Charles, Duke of Burgundy

Question 25

When was Henry VI released and restored? When did his reign of "readeption" begin/end?

Answer 25

3rd Oct 1470 Oct 1470 - Apr 1471

Question 26

When did Edward IV attempt to return to England? Where did he land? What did he do?

Answer 26

14th Mar 1471 Ravenspur, Yorkshire burned his ship, symbol of confidence or naivety?

Question 27

Who didn't intervene when Edward IV returned to England, as a thanks for being restored recently?

Answer 27

Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland

Question 28

Which city refused entry to Edward IV on his return?

Answer 28

Hull

Question 29

Who did Edward IV reconcile with on his return? When? Where?

Answer 29

George, Duke of Clarence 3rd Apr 1471 Banbury

Question 30

When did Edward IV enter London, following his return? How did London react? Who did he immediately arrest?

Answer 30

11th Apr 1471 didn't resist Henry VI and George Neville

Question 31

When was the Battle of Barnet? Who was it between? Who won? Who was killed at the battle, following a collapse due to mistaken identity?

Answer 31

14th Apr 1471 Edward IV vs Warwick Edward IV Warwick + Montagu

Question 32

When did Margaret and Edward of Lanc land in England? Where? What was their aim?

Answer 32

14th Apr 1471 Dorset to convene with Jasper Tudor in Wales, with Lanc forces

Question 33

When was the Battle of Tewkesbury? Who was it between? Who won? Who was executed after? Who was captured after?

Answer 33

4th May 1471 Edward IV vs Edward of Lancaster Yorkists Edward of Lancaster + Edmund Beaufort (Somerset) Margaret of Anjou

Question 34

What rumour, pedalled by Warwick + Clarence, begin to spread between rebels? When?

Answer 34

illegitimacy of Edward IV, son of archer called Blaybourne spring 1469

Question 35

When did Warwick + Clarence land in England, to readept Henry VI? Where?

Answer 35

Sept 1470 Devon, a Lanc stronghold

Question 36

When did France declare war on Burgundy? When did England follow? What was the public reaction? Why?

Answer 36

Dec 1470 Feb 1471 (without support of parliament) horrified threat to wool trade, and parliament was ignored

Question 37

What did Charles, Duke of Burgundy give to Edward IV to allow his return?

Answer 37

50,000 crowns small Burgundian force

Question 38

When Edward returned looking for battle, where was Warwick barred in? Where did Edward bar himself in?

Answer 38

Coventry Warwick Castle

Question 39

During Edward IV and Clarence's reconciliation, who rallied Lanc support in London? How? What was the response?

Answer 39

George Neville paraded Henry VI negative, still disliked Henry VI

Question 40

Where was Warwick's body displayed after his death? For how long?

Answer 40

St. Paul's Cathedral 3 days

Question 41

How did Margaret evade Edward IV's forces in Apr 1470? At which river and crossing was she caught by his forces?

Answer 41

moved West from Bath -> Bristol, but Edward expected her to move North River Severn, Tewkesbury

Question 42

Who led an unsuccessful assault on London following the Lanc loss at Tewkesbury?

Answer 42

Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg

Question 43

When did Edward IV return to London after victory at Tewkesbury? What did he order that night?

Answer 43

21st May 1471 execution of Henry VI

Question 44

Where did Jasper Tudor flee after failure to meet Margaret in 1471?

Answer 44

France