passmed Flashcards

1
Q

at what aortic gradient is aortic valve replacement considered

A

50mmHg

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2
Q

what should be started alongside methotrexate

A

folic acid

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3
Q

what is commonly given for nephrotic syndrome

A

furosemide

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4
Q

what common medication needs to be stopped before a scan with contrast

A

metformin

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5
Q

how to calculate serum osmolality

A

(2 x Na) + urea + glucose

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6
Q

what is the initial abx of choice for MRSA cellulitis

A

vancomycin

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7
Q

what does sudden onset vision loss, presence of afferent pupilllary defect and red spot on fundoscopy (cherry red spot) suggest?

A

central retinal artery occlusion

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8
Q

what marker best demonstrates the restoration of liver synthetic function

A

PT

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9
Q

what can ethambutol (anti-TB) cause

A

optic neuritis (needs monitoring of visual acuity)

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10
Q

what diametres of AAA require what treatment

A

3-4.4 cm = USS yearly
4.5-5.4 = USS every 3m
>5.5 = surgery

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11
Q

what drug can cause ankle swelling

A

CCB - amlodipine

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12
Q

what is the presence of a rash with folliculitis on the chest a prominent feature of

A

late stage HIV

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13
Q

what is strep pneumoniae

A

gram positive cocci arranged in pairs

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14
Q

what is the most appropriate management for neuropathic bladder in an MS patient

A

intermittent self catheterisation

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15
Q

side effects of TB meds

A

Rifampicin can present with red/orange discolouration of urine (R=Red)
B. Isoniazid with peripheral neuropathy, (Per-isonaiaside- neuropathy)
C. Pyrazinamide with hyperuricaemia causing gout (Hy-pyraz-uracaemia)
D. Ethambutol affecting the eyes (colour blindness and visual acuity). (E=Eyes)

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16
Q

what would you give for acute mania

A

olanzapine - acts as antipsychotic and sedative

17
Q

standard treatment for hepatic encephalopathy

A

lactulose - reduces amount of ammonia which can contribute to neuro symptoms

18
Q

what can be used to treat rattly breathing in palliative patients

A

hyoscine - antimuscarinic

19
Q

what virus is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx

A

HPV

20
Q

what is the HUS triad

A

AKI, thrombocytopenia, normocytic anaemia

21
Q

what is penicillamine used for

A

copper chelating agent used in wilsons disease

22
Q

what is used to reverse heparin

A

protamine

23
Q

what is used to reverse a DOAC

A

beriplex

24
Q

what do these CSF findings suggest: cloudy/viscous, lymphocytes, hight protein, low glucose

A

TB meningitis

25
Q

what screening for BRCA 1 positive 31y/o

A

yearly MRI

26
Q

what imaging for primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

MRCP - magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

27
Q

what is the blood culture collecting regime for infective endocarditis

A

three samples taken from different sites 6h apart

28
Q

treatment of sle

A

DMARD - hydroxychloroquine

29
Q

Virchows triad for venous thrombosis

A

hypercoagulability, blood stasis, endothelial damage

30
Q

what score for upper GI bleed

A

glasgow blatchford

31
Q

treatment of H.pylori

A

PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin

32
Q

test for h.pylori after treatemnt

A

urea breath test

33
Q

medication for prophylaxis in menieres disease

A

betahistine

34
Q

what is the licenced no. of hours these can be used after UPSI - copper IUD, ulipristal acetate, levonorgestrel

A

copper - 120
uli - 120
levo - 72

35
Q

3 screening tools for depression

A

PHQ-9
HADS
BDI-II

36
Q

1st line medication for depression under 16

A

fluoxetine

37
Q
A