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AP Psych Final Review > Developmental Psychology (7-9%) > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology (7-9%) Flashcards

1
Q

Neonate

A

newborn baby

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2
Q

Rooting

A

turning the head and opening the mouth in the direction of a touch on the cheek

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3
Q

Schema

A

file folders of long term memory mental representations that organize and categorize

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4
Q

Assimilation

A

fit new information into our already existing schemas

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5
Q

Accommodation

A

modify our schemas to fit new information

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6
Q

Object Permanence

A

8-10 months
the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight

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7
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

2-6 years
language develops with ability to think, child is very egocentric/seeing the world only through his/her point of view

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8
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

they can manipulate more information in their heads and make inferences

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9
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

from the outside in
sociocultural theory

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10
Q

Self Awareness

A

knowledge of oneself

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11
Q

Social Referencing

A

1-2
observing the behavior of others in social situations to obtain information or guidance

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12
Q

Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development

A

social interactions helped them both discover and create meaning
children learn from observing the interactions of others

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13
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

the difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone

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14
Q

Scaffolding

A

assistance

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15
Q

Authoritarian

A

set very strict rules and severely punish any wrongdoings

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16
Q

Harry Harlow’s attachment

A

concluded that physical contact was even more important than food to an infant

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17
Q

Sex

A

being biologically female or male

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18
Q

Gender

A

the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female

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19
Q

Conventional Level

A

follow rules to live up to the expectations of others “good boy/ nice girl” (stage 3)
“law and order” and do their duty (stage 4)

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20
Q

Secure Attachment

A

distressed when mother leaves
happy to see mother after and absence

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21
Q

Insecure Resistant

A

child sends mixed messages wanting to be held but them resisting when mom tries to pick them up

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22
Q

Erik Erikson

A

psychosocial development

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23
Q

Initiative v. Guilty

A

Is it okay for me to do more and act?
4-5
virtue; purpose

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24
Q

Industry v. Inferiority

A

Can I make it in this world of people and things?
6-12
virtue; competence

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25
Q

Intimacy v. Isolation

A

Can I make my love count?
18-40
virtue; love

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26
Q

Kubler-Ross Stages of Grief

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

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27
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

study of physical, intellectual, social and moral changes throughout the lifespan

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28
Q

Developmental Psychology Key Issues

A

unique v. shared, stability v. change, nature v. nurture, continuity v. dicontinunity

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29
Q

Continuity v. Discontunuity

A

gradual v. distinct stages

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30
Q

Maturation

A

automatic biological development of the body and nervous system over time

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31
Q

Temperament

A

infants first personality

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32
Q

Longitudal Study

A

involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time often decades

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33
Q

Cross Sectional Study

A

evaluating different age groups of people at the same time

34
Q

Cohort

A

a group of people in one age group that share a common characteristic or experience

35
Q

Cohort Effect

A

a group of people in the one age group that is significantly different; skews data

36
Q

Prenatal Development

A

begins with fertilization/conception and ends with birth

37
Q

Zygote

A

initial cell formed when z gamete cells pair, it is the earliest development stage of the embryo

38
Q

Embryonic Period

A

(3rd through 8th week): basic forms of all body structures develop
-differentiation/specialization of cells

39
Q

Fetus

A

begins to resemble a human; 8 weeks after conception to birth
-organs begin to function
-bone turns to cartilage
-sex organs become refined

40
Q

Critical Period

A

specific stimuli have a major effect on development

41
Q

Teratogens

A

alcohol, drugs, tobacco, mercury, lead, cadmium

42
Q

FAS

A

fetal alcohol syndrome= caused by mothers who drink alcohol while being pregnant
-low intelligence, small head, flat face, misshaped eyes, flat nose, thin upper lip

43
Q

Current leading cause of mental retardation

A

FAS

44
Q

Rubella

A

viruses can pass into the placenta and cause birth defects

45
Q

Imprinting

A

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
-follow the first large moving object

46
Q

Habituation Study

A

decreasing responsiveness with repeated presentation of the same stimuli
-baby a new toy

47
Q

Adolescence

A

puberty through adulthood

48
Q

Puberty earlier than peers

A

most advantageous for males

49
Q

cognitive development

A

process of how you think/ advancement of thinking

50
Q

Jean Piaget

A

developed a stage theory of cognitive development

51
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth-2
baby explores the world using his/her senses and motor interaction

52
Q

stranger anxiety

A

8-10 months
fear of unfamiliar people

53
Q

concrete operational stage

A

7-12
develops simple logic

54
Q

conservation concepts

A

changes in the form of an object do not alter physical properties of mass, volume, and number

55
Q

reversibility

A

3+4=4+3

56
Q

abstract thoughts

A

consider concepts that are hard to understand
able to think abstractly/hypothetically

57
Q

Interalization

A

absorbing information from a specified social and environmental context
knowing how

58
Q

fluid intelligence

A

the ability to use new information to quickly solve problems not related to learning and diminish with age

59
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

learned knowledge and skills such as vocabulary, which tends to increase with age

60
Q

Plasticity

A

your brains ability to change or adapt if damaged; decreases with age

61
Q

Authoritative Parenting

A

parents set limits but explain the reasons for rules with their children and make exceptions when appropriate
-children grow up independent, socially capable
-best form

62
Q

Permissive Parenting

A

parents tend to not to set firm guidelines if they set any at all, kids do whatever and parents seem to ignore their children

63
Q

Insecure Avoidant

A

distressed when mother leaves
infant is okay with a stranger
infant shows little interest when mom returns

64
Q

Easy Babies

A

babies who have a positive disposition; their body functions operate regularly, and they are adaptable

65
Q

Difficult Babies

A

babies who have negative moods and are slow to adapt to new situations; when confronted with a new situation, they tend to withdraw

66
Q

Gender Typing

A

the acquisition of the roles associated with being male or female

67
Q

Gender Identity

A

our sense of being male or female

68
Q

Moral Development

A

refers to the growth in the ability to tell right from wrong, control impulses, act ethically

69
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

believed that moral thinking develops sequentially in stages and cognitive abilities develop

70
Q

Heinz Dilemna

A

A woman is dying and needs an expensive medication. Husband cannot afford the medication, should he steal it or should she die?

71
Q

Preconventional Level

A

under 10
they do right thing to avoid punishment (stage 1)
further their self interests (stage 2)

72
Q

Postconventional Level

A

a person will promote society’s welfare (stage 5)
universal principles that promote justice and internal moral principles (stage 6)

73
Q

Carol Gilligan

A

Presented feminist critique of Kolhberg’s moral development theory; believed women’s moral sense guided by compassion

74
Q

Society

A

group of people

75
Q

Culture

A

the way that a group of people lives
ex. behaviors, ideas, attitudes

76
Q

Attatchment

A

creation of a close emotional relationship between the primary caregiver(mother) and the baby shortly after birth

77
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust

A

Can I trust the world?
0-2
virtue; hope

78
Q

autonomy v. shame and doubt

A

Is it okay to be me
2-4
virtue; will

79
Q

identitiy vs role confusion

A

Who am I and what can I be?
13-18
virtue; fidelity

80
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

Can I make my love count?
40-64
virtue; care

81
Q

integrity vs despair

A

Is it okay to have been me?
65-death
virtue; wisdom

AP Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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