FINALS LEC (w/ antidotes) Flashcards
● Reducing potential disaster damages before a
disaster threatens
MITIGATION
PHASES OF DISASTER AND EMERGENCY
MPRR
Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery
Developing operational capabilities and facilitating an
effective response before an emergency occurs
PREPAREDNESS
Actions taken immediately before, during, or directly
after an emergency occurs
RESPONSE
Returns infrastructure systems to minimum operating
standards.
● Most difficult disaster phase
RECOVERY
A process for sorting injured people into groups based
on their need when resources are insufficient for all to
be treated
TRIAGE
are used in situations
in which triage is dynamic, occurs over many hours to days,
and only limited, austere, field, advanced life support
equipment is readily available.
START and SAVE triage techniques
Open fracture of femur with
● unstable V/S
● Severe burns
● Tension pneumothorax
● Open chest wound
● Upper airway obstruction
DISASTER TRIAGE TAGS
RED
Dislocations
Burns
Blunt trauma with stable v/s
Head injury with no
change in LOC
DISASTER TRIAGE TAGS
YELLOW
Simple fracture
Minor laceration
Hysterical reaction
DISASTER TRIAGE TAGS
GREEN
Triage system may have to be adapted to the situation
1. Red:
send to the hospital
Triage system may have to be adapted to the situation
YELLOW
send to an ambulatory site to either receive
meds or get vaccinated
Triage system may have to be adapted to the situation
GREEN
send home, are not at risk because are
immune
Triage system may have to be adapted to the situation
BLACk
susceptible or very ill, but do not
treat – send to where directed
Quick Circulatory Checks
(5P’s) pain, paresthesia, paralysis, pulses,
pallor
● Capillary Refill
● Obvious External
● Bleeding
● Electrocardiogram
particularly important in the patient with a
traumatic mechanism of injury where failure to identify
a second or third injury
Exposure
An intentional or unintentional wound or injury inflicted
on the body from a mechanism against which the
body cannot protect itself.
TRAUMA
any force that penetrates or fractures
the skull.
Direct Trauma
severe forces that may shake or
rotate the brain enough to cause permanent brain
damage.
Indirect Trauma
HISTORY: AMPLE
Allergies
● Medications
● Prior illnesses and operations
● Last meal
● Events and environment surrounding injury
an object entering the body or head due to an
object striking the body, or the body being placed in
motion and striking an object which then penetrates
the body.
PENETRATING TRAUMA
Do’s and Dont’s in Chest Impalement
Never try to remove an impaled object.
2. Expose the wound.
3. Control the bleeding.
4. Stabilize the impaled object.
referred pain at the tip of left shoulder and in left upper quadrant
Kehr’s sign
Lower abdominal rigidity with spasms
Appearance of blood in NGT
PERFORATED GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
abnormal sound or murmur along middle or lower back
Bruit:
fixes area of dullness when left upper abdominal quadrant is percussed
Ballance’s
bluish color on blank
Turner’s
purplish color around umbilicus
Turner’s:
ecchymosis on scrotum and labia
Coopernail:
BITES AND STINGS NURSING MANAGEMENT
- Wash the wound gently with soap and water.
- Apply pressure if bleeding continuously.
- Apply sterile bandage to the wound.
SNAKE VENOM
Snake venom is highly modified saliva
MECHANISM OF TOXICITY
Cytotoxic effects on tissues
● Hemotoxic
● Neurotoxic
● Systemic effects
Local envenoming (swelling etc) with
bleeding/clotting disturbances
- VIPERIDAE
SYNDROME 1
Ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, facial paralysis etc
and dark brown urine
- =Russell’s viper, Sri Lanka and South India
SYNDROME 2
Local envenoming (swelling etc) with paralysis
- =Cobra or king cobra
SYNDROME 3
Paralysis with minimal or no local envenoming
- Krait, Sea snake
SYNDROME 4
Paralysis with dark brown urine and renal failure:
Russle viper
SYNDROME 5
No evidence of envenomation
● Suspected snake bite
● Fang mark may be present
GRADE 0
Moderate envenomation
● Severe pain
● Edema spreading towards trunk
GRADE 2
Severe envenomation
● Within 12 hours edema spreads to the extremities and
part of the trunk
GRADE 3