Psychology chapter 10: stress and health

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

Process of appraising and responding to a stressor
(a threatening or challenging event)

Question 2

Stressors fall into three main categories

Answer 2

• Catastrophes
• Significant life events
• Daily hassles
  extra Social/Cultural stressors

Question 3

microaggression

Answer 3

when people make comments that are clear or unclear about a person’s identity

Question 4

Body’s response to stress– Two pathways

Answer 4

1.Sympathetic nervous system
* Adrenal glands secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine stress
hormones
* Fight-or-Flight response
2. Cerebral cortex (higher-order part of brain)
* Adrenal glands secrete glucocorticoid stress hormones (e.g.,
cortisol)

Question 5

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 5

Phase 1: Alarm Reaction
* Phase 2: Resistance
* Phase 3: Exhaustion

Question 6

Immune system

Answer 6

Isolates and destroys bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens to keep us healthy.

Question 7

Chronic exposure to stress is associated with a decreased functioning of the immune system.
examples:

Answer 7

• Wounds
• Colds
• HIV/AIDS * Cancer

Question 8

Coronary heart disease is #1

Answer 8

cause of death for men and women

Question 9

Are people with certain personality features are more likely to develop heart disease.
t or f

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Type A:

Answer 10

components of this personality type associated with higher risk of heart disease

Question 11

Type B:

Answer 11

personality type associated with lower risk of
heart disease

Question 12

Type D:

Answer 12

among people with heart disease, this type of personality associated with negative events (like a heart attack or death).

Question 13

Types of Social Support

Answer 13

• Emotional Support
• Sharing Points of View
• Practical (Instrumental) Support * Sharing Information
• Distraction

Question 14

Coping with Stress
two ways

Answer 14

• Problem-focused coping
• Emotion-focused coping

Question 15

Research has found the following factors are associated with less stress:

Answer 15

• Aerobic exercise
• Religious involvement * Relaxation
• Meditation

Question 16

Happiness is generally not related to…

Answer 16

• Age
• Gender
• Education-level
• Whether or not someone has children
• Physical attractivenes

Question 17

approach and avoidance motives

Answer 17

the drive to move toward (approach) or away from (avoid) a stimulus

Question 18

Hans Selye (1936, 1976) extended Cannon’s findings and named it

Answer 18

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
phase 1-3

Question 19

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 19

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes combine to affect our immune system and health.

Question 20

problem-focused coping

Answer 20

attempting to reduce stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

Question 21

emotion-focused coping

Answer 21

attempting to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction.

Question 22

external locus of control

Answer 22

the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate.