Religion

Question 1

What is substantiative?

Answer 1

Emphasizes humanity’s relationship with the supernatural, the transcendent, and the otherworldly

Question 2

7 Elements of religion

Answer 2

1. Ritual
2. Myth
3. Doctrinal
4. Ethical
5. Experiential
6. Social
7. Material scared spaces, objects and places

Question 3

What is Religiosity?

Answer 3

How important religion is to people and is measured through belonging, beliefs and behaviour

Question 4

4 things about Religion and Society

Answer 4

• Governments are drawn into debates about religion
• Religious rights vs other rights
• New religious movements and religious awakenings
• Conservative religious traditions are gaining strength

Question 5

Functionalism approaches to religion

Answer 5

1. Clifford Geertz - System of symbols quote
2. Emile Durkheim - Social Solidarity

Question 6

Explain Clifford Geertz

Answer 6

Religion is a system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic

Question 7

Explain Emile Durkheim

Answer 7

The function of rituals and religion is to reinforce social solidarity and people share common sentiments and values when they live together

Question 8

4 Conflict and Feminist Theory Approaches to Religion

Answer 8

1. Criticism of Durkheim’s Theory
2. Religion and the subordination of Women
3. Religion and Class Inequality
4. Karl Marx

Question 9

Explain Criticism of Durkheim’s theory

Answer 9

They say that it overemphasizes religion’s role in maintaining social cohesion and Ignore the fact that when religion increases social cohesion, it often reinforces social inequality

Question 10

Explain Religion and the subordination of women

Answer 10

Feminists say that the major world religions traditionally place women in subordinate positions and that it reinforces patriarchy

Question 11

Explain Religion and Class inequality

Answer 11

Religion has often supported class inequality

Question 12

Explain Karl Marx

Answer 12

Religion is the opium of the people. - copium
Tranquillizes the underprivileged into accepting their life

Question 12

Symbolic Interactionist Approaches to Religion

Answer 12

1. Max Weber

Question 13

Explain Max Weber

Answer 13

Religion can contribute to social change.
The Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism.
connection between the rise of capitalism and meanings people attached to religious ideas.

Question 14

connection between the rise of capitalism and meanings people attached to religious ideas

Answer 14

• weak correlation
• Catholics can coexist with capitalism and Protestants can have economic stagnation

Question 15

2 things about The Rise, Decline, and Partial Revival of Religion

Answer 15

1. Secularization Thesis
2. Revived Secularization Thesis

Question 16

Explanation of Secularization Thesis

Answer 16

religious institutions, actions, and consciousness are on the decline worldwide and will one day disappear

Question 17

2 Critiques of the Traditional Secularization Theory

Answer 17

1. Traditional Secularization theory stated the that all societies undergo differentiation

    - differentiation - worldly institutions break off from the institution of religion over time
    - The divide between religion and the educational system is actually murky

2. Separation between church and state

    - The modern states are increasingly compelled to intervene in disputes over religion
    - Some places have religious rule imposed by religious group

Question 18

Explain Revived Secularization Thesis

Answer 18

Overall trend toward decreased importance of religion is unfolding in different ways around the world

Question 19

2 Critiques of the Revised Secularization Theory

Answer 19

1. Despite the decline of institutional religion, personal subjective religious beliefs are still present
2. The West is secularizing, but the rest of the world is becoming more religious
   • Buddhist revival in China
   • Christian growth in Asia and Africa
   • Muslim revival
   • Hindu revival

Question 20

2 aspects of the Market Model

Answer 20

Religions are like product brands offering different “flavours” of religious experience

1. Religious Monopoly
2. Religious Pluralism

Question 21

Explain Religious Monopoly

Answer 21

When one religion body has special privilege from the state, preventing other religious bodies from selling their “brand” to consumers

• only one brand

Question 22

Explain Religious Pluralism

Answer 22

• Diverse array of religions and religious beliefs in a given area
• The market rewards “brands” that meet the needs of consumers and punishes those that don’t in countries that permit several religions

Question 23

What is a church

Answer 23

Any bureaucratic religious organization that has adapted to mainstream culture

Question 24

What is a sect

Answer 24

• Less integrated into society and usually forms by breaking away from churches due to disagreement about doctrine
• may disappear or become more church-like or become institutionalized

Question 25

What is a Denomination

Answer 25

In between sects and churches

Question 26

What are New Religious Movements?

Answer 26

• Unique religious visions that reject mainstream culture
• may disappear or become more church-like or become institutionalized

Question 27

What is the expected future of religion?

Answer 27

• Gradual secularization will likely continue in the 21st century
• More religious pluralism