4.4 Management of natural increase Case Study Flashcards
What was the problem in China?
- in 1949 when Chinese communist party came to power, they encouraged a high birth rate in order to have more people to produce food and to build and strong army
- population grew from 540 million to 830 million in twenty years
- famine in 1961
What was the one child policy?
- introduced in 1979 planned to last 100 years
- couples who only had one child were given benefits like longer maternity leave, better housing, free healthcare and free education for their one child
- if couple has second child, benefits topped and they were fined a proportion of their income
How did the gov try to support the China policy?
- to support policy the gov introduced:
- law to prevent people marrying before a certain age
- free contraception and family planning advice
- permission slip to allow a couple to try for a child
- very late abortions to terminate second pregnancies
- free sterilisation for couples already with one child
What are the future troubles due to China’s one child policy?
- improved healthcare and better food supplies mean the death rate in China is now only 8 per thousand per year
- as the chines population ages, the single child will have to support two ageing parent and four grandparents :4-2-1 problem
- single children tend to be indulged and even spoilt. means they may not be able to work well with others when they grow up.
- because of preference for sons rather than daughters, now 30 million more young men than young women in China. May not fin wives = social problems
How has the China policy been effective?
- fertility rate dropped from 2.9 in 1979 to 1.8 in 2009
- policy has prevented 400 million births and Chinese population much lower than it used to be
- ## fewer resources have been used and people have a higher standard of living and quality of life then they would have had with a bigger population
Ageing population case study
East Devon:
- dependancy ratio 54/100
- 16% of UK population is over 65
Impacts of ageing population in East Devon
Social:
- high percentage of old people are unattractive to young people and so they don’t want to live there
- pensioners have reduced income
- strain economically to fund pensions
- more pressure on NHS
- social isolation
- 125,000 live near the coast
- increase in retirement properties
- grandparents look after grandchildren so parents can work saving several million pounds each year
- - 60% do swimming sessions at their local people- boost community spirit
Economic:
- contribute £215 billion to UK economy
- reduced tax revenue
Future:
- market for catering for the elderly will grow
- - east devon pensioners already have an action forum and are trying to get lower council taxes, larger pensions and benefits
Food shortages case study
Swaziland:
- unemployment in neighbouring south africa meant many migrant workers from swaziland are returning home
- increased unemployment and caused greater poverty
- 2010 GDP/person was just $4500
Impact of food shortages in swaziland
Political:
- drought in 1991-1992 caused serious decline in maize output and so gov has had to seek emergency international food aid
Social:
- increased reliance on donor food
- between 2000-2010 two-thirds relied on donor food aid
- led to some children not acquiring necessary skills for farming in the future due to
- small-scale farmers have to decide whether to grow crops to feed their families directly or sell for money to buy food/other goods
- many farmers decided to produce cotton and sugar cane - employs 93,000 people
- however if prices fall in big trouble
France - pro natalist policy
- trying to increase the birth rate by offering multiple benefits to having children
- 3 years paid parental leave
- maternity/paternity leave
- schooling paid
- day care paid
- earlier retirement
- job gurantee
- success - 80%