4.4 Management of natural increase Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

What was the problem in China?

A
  • in 1949 when Chinese communist party came to power, they encouraged a high birth rate in order to have more people to produce food and to build and strong army
  • population grew from 540 million to 830 million in twenty years
  • famine in 1961
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2
Q

What was the one child policy?

A
  • introduced in 1979 planned to last 100 years
  • couples who only had one child were given benefits like longer maternity leave, better housing, free healthcare and free education for their one child
  • if couple has second child, benefits topped and they were fined a proportion of their income
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3
Q

How did the gov try to support the China policy?

A
  • to support policy the gov introduced:
  • law to prevent people marrying before a certain age
  • free contraception and family planning advice
  • permission slip to allow a couple to try for a child
  • very late abortions to terminate second pregnancies
  • free sterilisation for couples already with one child
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4
Q

What are the future troubles due to China’s one child policy?

A
  • improved healthcare and better food supplies mean the death rate in China is now only 8 per thousand per year
  • as the chines population ages, the single child will have to support two ageing parent and four grandparents :4-2-1 problem
  • single children tend to be indulged and even spoilt. means they may not be able to work well with others when they grow up.
  • because of preference for sons rather than daughters, now 30 million more young men than young women in China. May not fin wives = social problems
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5
Q

How has the China policy been effective?

A
  • fertility rate dropped from 2.9 in 1979 to 1.8 in 2009
  • policy has prevented 400 million births and Chinese population much lower than it used to be
  • ## fewer resources have been used and people have a higher standard of living and quality of life then they would have had with a bigger population
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6
Q

Ageing population case study

A

East Devon:
- dependancy ratio 54/100
- 16% of UK population is over 65

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7
Q

Impacts of ageing population in East Devon

A

Social:
- high percentage of old people are unattractive to young people and so they don’t want to live there
- pensioners have reduced income
- strain economically to fund pensions
- more pressure on NHS
- social isolation
- 125,000 live near the coast
- increase in retirement properties
- grandparents look after grandchildren so parents can work saving several million pounds each year
- - 60% do swimming sessions at their local people- boost community spirit

Economic:
- contribute £215 billion to UK economy
- reduced tax revenue

Future:
- market for catering for the elderly will grow
- - east devon pensioners already have an action forum and are trying to get lower council taxes, larger pensions and benefits

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8
Q

Food shortages case study

A

Swaziland:
- unemployment in neighbouring south africa meant many migrant workers from swaziland are returning home
- increased unemployment and caused greater poverty
- 2010 GDP/person was just $4500

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9
Q

Impact of food shortages in swaziland

A

Political:
- drought in 1991-1992 caused serious decline in maize output and so gov has had to seek emergency international food aid

Social:
- increased reliance on donor food
- between 2000-2010 two-thirds relied on donor food aid
- led to some children not acquiring necessary skills for farming in the future due to
- small-scale farmers have to decide whether to grow crops to feed their families directly or sell for money to buy food/other goods
- many farmers decided to produce cotton and sugar cane - employs 93,000 people
- however if prices fall in big trouble

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10
Q

France - pro natalist policy

A
  • trying to increase the birth rate by offering multiple benefits to having children
  • 3 years paid parental leave
  • maternity/paternity leave
  • schooling paid
  • day care paid
  • earlier retirement
  • job gurantee
  • success - 80%
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