Golden Age Flashcards
Dawes plan
1925, 800 million mark loan from America
Allow foreign investment
France gradually leave ruhr between 1924-25
Start repaying at 1b marks ( a fraction of before) then an additional 2.5 b over the next 5 years, after this it should be in accordance to industrial performance
Young Plan
Total bill to become 1.8b instead of 6.5
Up until 1988
Got back Rhineland
Success of German industry
Coal steel and industrial production increased
Number of strikes decreased
Advancement of chemistry industry, production of artificial fertilisers
Inflation rate was close to zero
Car and aeroplane industry developed
Failure of German industry
Economy shrank in 1928
Growth rates were unsteady
Strikes rose again in 1927 and 1928
Unemployment was still high, 18% in 19 26
High housing problems in major cities
Affect on German agriculture
Hard to repay back governments loans due to decreasing food prices
International grain surplus, brought lots from overseas
High tariffs so gov could get money for welfare benefits
Main parts of culture
Cinema - lead the way in 1920s, Fritz Lang’s metropolis. Popular actresses such as Marlene Dietrich. Very accessible and available to the poor, also offered more jobs
Drama, opera, plays - Berolt Brecht wrote threepenny opera, critical of upper class and pro working class which was very common theme, adopted African American jazz
Literature - all quiet on the western front, critical of ww1
Art - modern art of Avant Garde, mocked upper class
Artitechture and design - Bauhaus founded in 1919 and flourished
Cabaret - nightclubs became very popular
The SPD
Unsuccessful
Left wing
Remained single largest party
Only involved in 1 coalition
Close links to trade unions and industrial workers, lost this near end as they weren’t delivering on promises
Better in opposition than government as had strong Marxist beliefs
Limited appeal to women or young appeal
Centre party
Suceccful
Defended interests of Roman Catholics, still studied in schools
Supported by everyone
Part of every coalition groups
Better in opposition than government
Ddp
Unsuccessful
Ran by academics with limited political experience
Appealed to academics and professional groups
Had trouble conveying message
Involved in every co alotion and committed to democracy
The dvp
Successful
Produced leading politician in Stresserman
All coalition cabinets
Conservatives committed to parliamentary democracy
The dnvp
Unsuccessful
Conservative nationalists, started only appealing to landowners in the east
Mid 1920s - gained support from industrialists, professional groups and even some industrial workers
Anti democratic and nationalist
Refused to join coalition being anti Weimar
Main aims bring back monarchy and dismantle treaty of Versailles
Younger members wanted to join coalitions leading to arguments
Joined Luther’s cabin in 1926 and in 1928 suffered a huge loss
1929, shifted back into anti democratic ways with Hindenburg getting elected leader, starting an alliance with nazis and campaign against young plan in 1929
Nsdap nazi party
Hitler realised, had to gain power legally and without violent Revolution
Focused up north first
still not very well known
Bad in 1928 election overall but good up north
1929 - took control of first town’s council, by October 150000 members, 75000 in 1927
Hitler gained a name campaigning against young plan
Making clear revival
Kpd communist party
Largest communist party outside Russia, worked with them
Support in industrial and port areas such as the Ruhr, Saxony, Hamburg and Berlin
Dedicated to overthrow Weimar
Attempted uprising in Saxony and Hamburg in 1923 after being called up to Moscow, failed quickly and quietly by army
Tried labelling Spd as social facings and betraying working class - somewhat worked
Women politics
Clara zetkin - Marxist feminist
Maria juchaz - spd
Marianne weber- ddp
Paula muller ofried- founded women’s Protestant league
Women economics
1925 36% of workforce women
100,000 teachers
Birth control and divorce increased, constitution gave women more employment rights
