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Physics > P2 > Flashcards

P2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are ways to measure time?

A

Use a stopwatch
Use light gates

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2
Q

What are ways to measure distance?

A

A ruler
Ultrasound
Rotating metal disk

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3
Q

What is the equation for speed?

A

Speed = distance / time

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4
Q

What is the difference between scalar and vector?

A

Scalar - just the magnitude (size)
Vector - magnitude and direction

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5
Q

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

A

Displacement is a vector so takes into account direction.
Distance is a scalar

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6
Q

What is the difference between velocity and speed?

A

Speed is a scalar quantity
Velocity is a vector quantity

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7
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Change in velocity per second
Uniform acceleration means the acceleration doesn’t change

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8
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Acceleration (m/s^2) = change in velocity (m/s) / time (s)

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9
Q

How do you find the speed in a distance-time graph?

A

The gradient of the graph

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10
Q

What does a straight line on a D-T graph mean?

A

Constant speed
Or
Not moving

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11
Q

What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph mean?

A

The acceleration

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12
Q

How do you calculate distance/displacement on a V-T or S-T graph?

A

The area underneath a speed-time graph is the distance
Area underneath a velocity-time graph

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13
Q

What is the equation of motion?

A

v ^2 - u^2 = 2as
v = final velocity
u = until a velocity
a = acceleration
s = distance

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14
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

kinetic energy (J) = 0.5 x mass (kg) x velocity^2

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15
Q

What happens with pairs of forces?

A
  • each force on a different object
  • forces are the same size and type
  • forces act in opposite directions
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16
Q

What are non-contact forces?

A

Forces that interact without being in contact, e.g:
- electrostatics
- magnetism
- gravity

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17
Q

What is a free body diagram?

A

Diagram that shows the forces acting on an object
Object is represented as a dot

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18
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

“An object will continue to stay at rest or move with uniform velocity unless a force acts on it”
A resultant force must act in the object
Principle of inertia

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19
Q

What is inertia?

A

Measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of the object

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20
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

When the resultant force is 0

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21
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law?

A

F = ma
Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass

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22
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

When maximum velocity is reached by an object when the forces are balanced.

23
Q

How do you calculate momentum?

A

Momentum = mass x velocity

24
Q

What is the conservation of momentum?

A

Total momentum before = total momentum after

25
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Work done = force x distance (along the one of force)

26
Q

What is power?

A

Tells you the rate at which work is done

27
Q

What is work?

A

Energy needed to apply a force to move an object a particular distance

28
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Power (W) = work done / time

29
Q

What is Newtons third law?

A

For every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction

30
Q

What does plastic mean?

A

When a material stretches but does not return to its original shape when the forces are removed

31
Q

What does elastic mean?

A

The material returns to its original shape after forces are removed

32
Q

What is the relationship between force and extension?

A

A linear relationship up to the point of limit of proportionality which is the elastic limit
Below the elastic limit if the force is removed the material will return to its original shape

33
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force until the limit of proportionality is reached

34
Q

What is the equation for Hooke’s law?

A

Force exerted by a spring = spring constant x extension

35
Q

What is the spring constant?

A

Gradient of the linear section of graph
Tells you how stiff the spring is, how easily it’s stretched

36
Q

Equation for energy transferred in stretching?

A

0.5 x spring constant x extension ^2

37
Q

What is a gravitational field?

A

A region where a mass experiences an attractive force

38
Q

What is the equation for gravitational field?

A

Gravitational field = mass x gravitational field strength

39
Q

What is the graviatiomal firld strength?

A

Measure of the force on a 1kg mass when it is in a gravitational field due to another mass…?

40
Q

What is weight?

A

Force of the Earth on an object

41
Q

How do you calculate weight?

A

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

42
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Mass x height x gravitational field strength

43
Q

Equation for a moment of a force?

A

Moment of a force = force x distance (perpendicular to the direction)

44
Q

What is the principle of moments?

A

Anti clockwise moments = clockwise moments

45
Q

What is a lever?

A

A force multiplier

46
Q

What is the effort?

A

Force you exert on the lever

47
Q

What is the load?

A

Force the lever exerts on the load

48
Q

What is the mechanical advantage?

A

Ratio of load to effort:
Mechanical advantage = load/effort

49
Q

How do gears transmit forces?

A

Gears are like levers that rotate
Have cogs
Small cog turns the bigger one
The ratio of diameters tells us the ratio of ratio of load to effort (mechanical advantage)

50
Q

What is the equation for pressure in hydraulics?

A

Pressure = force normal to the surface/ area of that surface (m^2)

51
Q

What is a hydraulic machine?

A

Uses a liquid to transmit forces

52
Q

What is a simple hydraulic machine made of?

A

Two pistons connected by a pipe
When one piston is pushed, the pressure is transmitted through the liquid and the other piston moved

53
Q

What is the pressure throughout a hydraulic system?

A

Same pressure throughout

Physics (9 decks)

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