chemistry - unit one

Question 1

how many electrons are in a p subshell?

Answer 1

6 electrons

Question 2

how many electrons are in an f subshell?

Answer 2

14 electrons

Question 3

how many electrons are in a g subshell?

Answer 3

18 electrons

Question 4

how many electrons are in a d subshell?

Answer 4

10 electrons

Question 5

how many electrons are in an s subshell?

Answer 5

2 electrons

Question 6

what are isotopes?

Answer 6

atoms of the same element but with different masses and numbers of neutrons

Question 7

what is an ion?

Answer 7

a changed particle when you lose or gain electrons

Question 8

electronegativity

Answer 8

a measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself

Question 9

what are the three types of intermolecular forces?

Answer 9

1) temporary induced dipole-dipole interactions (van der waals forces)
2) permanent dipole-dipole interactions
3) hydrogen bonding

Question 10

what is the weaknest type of intermolecular force?

Answer 10

temporary induced dipoe dipole interactions

Question 11

what is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

Answer 11

hydrogen bonding

Question 12

how do induced dipole depend on electrons?

Answer 12

the more electrons = the biigger the force of the induced dipole

Question 13

what 3 factors impact electronegativity?

Answer 13

1) nuclear charge
2) atomic radiius
3) shielding

Question 14

how does nuclear charge affect electronegativity?

Answer 14

the more protons = the stronger the attraction between the nucleus and bonding pairs of electrons

Question 15

how does atomic radius affect electronegativity?

Answer 15

the closer atoms are to the nucleus = the stronger the attraction between the nucleus and bonding pairs of electron

Question 16

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 16

where an atom of an element loses one or more electron and donates it to an atom of a different element

Question 17

how does an atom become positively charged?

Answer 17

when it loses an electron

Question 18

how does an atom become negatively charged?

Answer 18

when it gains an electron

Question 19

electrostatic attraction

Answer 19

the force experienced by oppositely charged particles, holding those particles strongly together

Question 20

ionic bond properties:

Answer 20

• high melting point
• high boiling point
• has a giant ionic lattice

Question 21

what does the strength of the electrostatic force depend on?

Answer 21

• the ionic charge and the ionic radii of the ions
• the more electrons a positive ion has = the more shells it will have = the bigger the ionic radii
• the electrosatic force is stronger when the ionic charge is higjer

Question 22

what are covalend bonds?

Answer 22

• the bond between non-metals with a shared pair of electrons
• covalent bonds have strong electrostatic attraction between nuclei and electrons

Question 23

what are lone pairs?

Answer 23

a non-binding pair of electrons

Question 24

why are metals malleable?

Answer 24

• atoms have layers
• so theyre able to slide over eachother