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Political science 6 Multiple Choice Questions > Political Science 6 Multiple Choice Questions > Flashcards

Political Science 6 Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

According to Blood and Debt, in Latin America

There were not enough wars for states to develop

Wars came too early in Latin America’s independence for states to benefit

War encouraged the rise of administratively strong states

Latin America became dependent on internal (domestic taxes) for survival

A

Wars came too early in Latin America’s independence for states to benefit

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2
Q

A state is ___________________.

A set of rules for determining who will have access to power

a group of people who perceive themselves as sharing a sense of belonging and who often have a common language, culture, and set of traditions

an administrative apparatus that develops and administers laws and generates and implements policy in a specific territory

The group of people who exercise power within a given territory

A

an administrative apparatus that develops and administers laws and generates and implements policy in a specific territory

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3
Q

Which statement best expresses the relationship between economic development and state development?

states that can rely primarily on import/export (customs) taxes are more likely to be strong

states with a lot of oil are more likely to be strong

Strong states are less likely to develop economically

states in countries that have gone through an industrial revolution are more likely to be strong

A

states in countries that have gone through an industrial revolution are more likely to be strong

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4
Q

Federalism is a political system in which

a state’s power is constitutionally divided among more than one level of government

subnational units are completely subordinated to the national state

subnational units have more power than the national state

there are three branches of government

A

a state’s power is constitutionally divided among more than one level of government

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between state development in India and Nigeria?

ethnic diversity

Initial establishment of a democratic political constitution

The development of a strong and legitimate political party

British colonial experience

A

The development of a strong and legitimate political party

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6
Q

The origin of most states in the world today is

imitation

war

creation by a nation

colonial export

A

colonial export

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7
Q

Which of the following states is strongest according to the World Governance Indicators?

Brazil

Germany

China

The U.K.

A

Germany

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8
Q

According to War and the State in Africa,

There have been too many wars in Africa for its countries to develop strong states

Africa has developed strong states due to war

The lack of interstate wars and external threats contributes to weak states in Africa

African states have become dependent on internal (domestic) sources of tax revenu

A

The lack of interstate wars and external threats contributes to weak states in Africa

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9
Q

Brazil today is an example of a

very strong state

failed state

moderately strong state

very weak state

A

moderately strong state

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10
Q

Comparative politics is the study of

elections and voting

the relationships between states

the domestic politics of other countries

war

A

the domestic politics of other countries

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11
Q

Under fascism, the state’s primary role is to

promote economic development

advance the interests of the nation

respond to citizen preferences

protect the working class

A

advance the interests of the nation

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12
Q

On which of the following ideas would fascism and socialism most likely agree?

state ownership of the means of production

the leading role of the state in most aspects of human life

the rejection of rationality

the importance of class struggle

A

the leading role of the state in most aspects of human life

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13
Q

Which of the following is essential to liberal democracy?

extensive government services to ensure equality of opportunity

separation of powers

alternation in power

meaningful competition

A

meaningful competition

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14
Q

In successful modernizing authoritarianism,

working class people usually enjoyed special privileges

positions of policy-making responsibility usually went to friends and kinsmen of the leader

Charismatic strongmen usually held power

technocrats (experts) played an important role in designing policy

A

technocrats (experts) played an important role in designing policy

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15
Q

Populist leaders assert

the supremacy of the nation over the individual

the supremacy of majority interests (the people) over minorities

the supremacy of one ethnic group over another

the supremacy of the working class

A

the supremacy of majority interests (the people) over minorities

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16
Q

Which of the following is an example of social democracy?

Sweden

The United Kingdom

India

Russia

A

Sweden

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17
Q

One example of a long-standing electoral authoritarian regime is

Mexico under the PRI

India before 1975

Nazi Germany

The Soviet Union

A

Mexico under the PRI

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18
Q

Under which type of democracy would citizens typically have the most rights and responsibilities?

participatory democracy

liberal democracy

social democracy

populism

A

social democracy

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19
Q

Which is the best method of distinguishing between an electoral authoritarian country and a democracy?

the quality of elections

minority rights

extent of economic development

the holding of elections

A

the quality of elections

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20
Q

A key difference between socialism and social democracy is

whether citizens enjoy extensive civil liberties

whether the state monopolizes the means of production

whether elections are competitive

all of the above

A

all of the above

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21
Q

Assigning citizenship based on birth within a national territory is called

jus soli

jus sanguinis

civic nationalism

cultural nationalism

A

jus soli

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22
Q

Which of the following institutions has tended, historically, to encourage moderation of the Hindu-Muslim cleavage?

proportional representation

Federalism along linguistic lines

consociationalism

Presidentialism

A

Federalism along linguistic lines

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23
Q

Samuel Huntington argued that the world could be divided into eight major “civilizations” based largely on

ideology

language group

race

religion

A

religion

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24
Q

Explicit power sharing between specific ethnic groups which provides each with some amount of power in the central government is called

managed democracy

federalism

centripetalism

consociationalism

A

consociationalism

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25
Q

Laicite refers to

advocating for the right to exist as a separate state

the right of a group to partially govern itself within a larger state

advocating that religion should play no part in the public realm

having an official state religion

A

advocating that religion should play no part in the public realm

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26
Q

Primordialism rejects the idea that

cultural beliefs are the basis of more or less immutable identities

identities are constructed by multiple actors

conflict between groups is inevitable

strong group identities are natural

A

identities are constructed by multiple actors

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27
Q

Which of the following factors is most strongly associated with the likelihood of conflict?

religion

ethnicity

security dilemma

intersectionalit

A

security dilemma

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28
Q

Constructivism means that individuals are free to choose any identity they wish.

True

False

A

False

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29
Q

Instrumentalism implies that

identity cleavages are more politically salient when elites mobilize them

identities are deeply embedded in the human psyche

identities are most politically salient when they involve religion

identities are more politically salient when they involve land

A

identity cleavages are more politically salient when elites mobilize them

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30
Q

Cultural nationalism identifies membership in the nation as a reflection of

birthplace

a common language

common ancestry

commonly held values and myth

A

common ancestry

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31
Q

Which of the following executives can dissolve the parliament?

the prime minister of Russia

the prime minister of the U.K.

the president of Germany

the president of Brazil

A

the prime minister of the U.K.

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32
Q

Asymmetric federalism refers to

situations where the taxation power is concentrated in the national government

situations where the state governments have more power than the national government

situations where states are divided along ethnic and linguistic lines

situations where some local/state governments enjoy more powers and privileges than others

A

situations where some local/state governments enjoy more powers and privileges than others

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33
Q

Horizontal accountability refers to the ability of

citizens to hold the government accountable

the government to hold citizens accountable

one state to check the power of another

state institutions to hold each other accountable

A

state institutions to hold each other accountable

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34
Q

The power of the prime minister in India is most strongly checked by

the opposition parties in the parliament

the cabinet

His or her own party

federalism

A

federalism

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35
Q

In which system can a vote of no confidence remove the chief executive?

Social democracy

Presidential

Semi-presidential

Parliamentary

A

Parliamentary

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36
Q

In a parliamentary system, the prime minister also

is a member of parliament

has a fixed term

can declare laws unconstitutional

is elected by the majority of the voters

A

is a member of parliament

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37
Q

In which of the following does the president have to get an absolute majority of the vote?

Brazil

All of the above

Mexico

the United States

A

Brazil

38
Q

Which of the following is an example of a principal-agent problem?

the problems politicians face in getting voters to vote for them

the problems elected leaders have in ensuring that bureaucrats carry out their wishes

the problems courts have in getting citizens to abide by their decisions

the problems presidents and prime ministers have when ‘cohabitation’ occurs

A

the problems elected leaders have in ensuring that bureaucrats carry out their wishes

39
Q

Examples of semipresidential systems include

France and Russia

Israel and Russia

Brazil and France

The United States and Mexico

A

France and Russia

40
Q

In the Westminster model of parliamentarism,

tea is served promptly at four

voters vote for the prime minister directly

one party typically controls a majority in the legislature

the largest party typically forms a coalition to elect the prime minister

A

one party typically controls a majority in the legislature

41
Q

Match each country to its electoral system

SMD Plurality
SMD Majoritarian
Mixed

countries
France
Germany
The UK

A

SMD Plurality - The UK
SMD Majoritarian - France
Mixed - Germany

42
Q

Match each country with its electoral system

Proportional Representation–open list
Proportional Representation–closed list
Mixed

countries
Brazil
Israel
Mexico

A

Proportional Representation–open list - Brazil
Proportional Representation–closed list - Israel
Mixed - Mexico

43
Q

According to Downs,

Parties in two-party systems should converge toward the center

Parties in two-party systems tend to become highly polarized

Voters are not rational

Parties care more about ideological purity than about getting elected.

A

Parties in two-party systems should converge toward the center

44
Q

Duverger’s law predicts that

SMD-plurality rules are likely to result in multiple parties in the legislature

Representation of minority interests will be stronger in two-party systems

SMD-plurality electoral rules are likely to produce two-party systems

The parties in two-party systems are likely to converge toward the cente

A

SMD-plurality electoral rules are likely to produce two-party systems

45
Q

According to Chhibber and Nooruddin, which Indian states provide more public goods?

Hindu states

States with multiparty systems

States where the Communist Party governs

States with two-party competition

A

States with two-party competition

46
Q

Multiple, competing, non-hierarchical interest group arrangements are best characterized as

consociationalism

corporatism

chaos

pluralism

A

pluralism

47
Q

In which country are two rounds of voting normally required to select the chief executive?

The U.K.

Israel

Mexico

Brazil

A

Brazil

48
Q

In which type of system is the representation of women likely to be strongest?

Proportional representation–open list

Proportional Representation–closed list

SMD-plurality

SMD majoritarian

A

Proportional Representation–closed list

49
Q

In which of the following party systems is government instability most likely

atomized multiparty

two and a half party

limited multiparty

dominant party

A

atomized multiparty

50
Q

Social movements typically

employ professional lobbyists

rely on unconventional protest to seek policy change

are highly organized

are progressive

A

rely on unconventional protest to seek policy change

51
Q

Which group was most affected by the framing of the BLM protests?

Democrats

All groups were equally affected

Republicans

Independents

A

Independents

52
Q

According to POS, protests should be most likely

at very low levels of political openness

at intermediate levels of political openness

when the movement cannot find elite allies

at very high levels of political openness

A

at intermediate levels of political openness

53
Q

Relative deprivation is a group or individual’s belief that they are ______

too political

facing an existential security threat

poor

not getting their share of something relative to what they should have

A

not getting their share of something relative to what they should have

54
Q

Which of the scholars below noted that a crucial ingredient for successful revolution is a state in crisis, often one that has been weakened by international events?

Kathleen Bruhn

James Davies

Ted Robert Gurr

Theda Skocpol

A

Theda Skocpol

55
Q

According to the threat literature, under which conditions is success most likely?

Highly threatening demand and high disruption

Limited disruption with a highly threatening demand

High disruption, with a limited and specific demand

Limited and specific demand with limited disruption

A

High disruption, with a limited and specific demand

56
Q

Bolivia’s water war was triggered by

the sale of the municipal water concession to a private company, which raised rates

climate change

municipal flooding in Cochabamba

the construction of a new dam

A

the sale of the municipal water concession to a private company, which raised rates

57
Q

The C in WUNC stands for

Capacity

Conservatives

Charisma

Commitment

A

Commitment

58
Q

What is the difference between a political and a social revolution?

Whether a social movement or armed group of citizens is involved

Whether social media is involved

Whether the social structures are transformed

Whether the political regime is transformed

A

Whether the social structures are transformed

59
Q

A contemporary example of a violent social movement is

BLM

the Bazaaris

Boko Haram

Deng Xiao Ping

A

Boko Haram

60
Q

All social movements are progressive

True

False

A

False

61
Q

The breakdown of which of the following types of regimes was historically most likely to lead to stable democracy?

personalist

theocracy

one-party

military-authoritarian

A

military-authoritarian

62
Q

To what does the concept of the “dictator’s dilemma” refer?

inability to govern without electoral support

the type of messaging or public relations the ruler should employ to consolidate rule without exaggerating unrealistically

the ruler’s uncertainty about how much support he has, as a result of repression

the amount of repression a ruler should employ to weaken the opposition

A

the ruler’s uncertainty about how much support he has, as a result of repression

63
Q

In the specific case of Mexico under the PRI, which of the following were benefits of holding elections?

gathering information about the opposition

bolstering the legitimacy of the regime

all of the above

providing a mechanism for circulation of elites

A

all of the above

64
Q

GONGOs refer to ______.

state-controlled interest organizations

foreign funded interest organizations

grassroots organizations

unions

A

state-controlled interest organizations

65
Q

Which of the following types of authoritarian rule has the shortest average life span?

personalistic authoritarianism

one-party rule

military authoritarianism

theocratic rule

A

military authoritarianism

66
Q

Which of the following tactics depended on the PRI’s control of the electoral registry?

shaving

autocalificacion

Raton loco

tacos

A

shaving

67
Q

Russia under Vladimir Putin can best be described as which of the following types of authoritarian regimes?

military authoritarian

theocratic

one-party

electoral authoritarian

A

electoral authoritarian

68
Q

Local elections in China

challenge the national authority of the Communist Party

are competitive and free multiparty elections

have no effect

can remove unpopular local leader

A

can remove unpopular local leader

69
Q

Mobutu’s Zaire is a classic example of
a liberal democracy

a strong one-party state

a personalist dictator

a military-authoritarian regime

A

a personalist dictator

70
Q

Iran is best classified as an example of

an electoral authoritarian regime with theocratic elements

a military-authoritarian regime

a liberal democracy

a personalist dictatorship

A

an electoral authoritarian regime with theocratic elements

71
Q

The phenomenon of democratic backsliding

is the result of military coup

does not occur in consolidated democracies like the United States

always results in authoritarian government

may occur slowly and almost imperceptibly at the hands of democratically elected leader

A

may occur slowly and almost imperceptibly at the hands of democratically elected leader

72
Q

In terms of democratic consolidation, the “two-turnover” test refers to ______.

one party must win the founding election, and then a different party must win a later election

at least two parties must run for office

Two elections in a row must be held

One leader replaces another as head of state

A

one party must win the founding election, and then a different party must win a later election

73
Q

Which of the following factors is NOT empirically associated with stable democracies?

a large middle class

cultural values of tolerance and compromise

a majority Muslim population

lower ethnic diversity

A

a majority Muslim population

74
Q

Modernization theory argues that ______.

Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a high degree of inequality.

Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a majority Muslim population

Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a reasonably wealthy economy and a large middle class

Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a democratic political culture

A

Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a reasonably wealthy economy and a large middle class

75
Q

Which of the following elements are important to a negotiated transition?

a period of liberalization

all of the above

divisions within the authoritarian regime

the emergence of a democratic opposition

A

all of the above

76
Q

Which of the following theories best explains Brazil’s history of military coups?

the breakdown of ISI

Neopatrimonialism and officers who pursue their personal and ethnic group interests

Professionalized and institutionalized military defending its interests

all of the above

A

Professionalized and institutionalized military defending its interests

77
Q

Over the last fifteen years,

the number of democracies has remained fairly stable but their quality has improved

the number of democracies has remained fairly stable, but their quality has declined

The number of democracies has grown dramatically

the number of democracies has declined dramatically

A

the number of democracies has remained fairly stable, but their quality has declined

78
Q

Compared to the 1970s,

the number of democracies remained fairly stable but their quality declined

the number of democracies has grown dramatically

the number of democracies has declined dramatically

the number of democracies remained fairly stable but their quality improved

A

the number of democracies has grown dramatically

79
Q

Many people argue that high levels of inequality and a shrinking middle class should

lead to democratic transitions

have no effect on democracy

improve the prospects for stable democracy

weaken the prospects for stable democracy

A

weaken the prospects for stable democracy

80
Q

Which of the following best represents the relationship between capitalism and democracy?

Capitalism guarantees democracy

Capitalism undermines democracy

Capitalism is not necessary for democracy

Capitalism is necessary but not sufficient for democracy

A

Capitalism is necessary but not sufficient for democracy

81
Q

Match each country to the appropriate welfare state model

social democratic
Christian Democratic
Liberal

Sweden
Germany
U.S

A
82
Q

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is

lending for infrastructure connecting developing countries to China

unrestricted foreign aid to developing countries

pro-democracy aid

investment in small-scale manufacturing

A

lending for infrastructure connecting developing countries to China

83
Q

Coordinated market economies (CMEs) have ______.

a minimal role for government

conscious negotiations between the state, unions, and business

flexible labor markets

little use for unions

A

conscious negotiations between the state, unions, and business

84
Q

Fiscal policy refers to the ______.

amount of money a government prints and puts into circulation

all of the above

interest rates set by the government

government’s budgetary policy (taxing and spending)

A

government’s budgetary policy (taxing and spending)

85
Q

Germany uses a ______.

privately run health-care system

single-payer system

national health insurance system

market-based insurance system

A

national health insurance system

86
Q

In LME systems, interest groups such as unions are typically organized in which fashion?

pluralism

socialism

corporatism

fascism

A

pluralism

87
Q

Monetarism was first championed by ______.

Ronald Reagan

Bill Clinton

Milton Friedman

John Maynard Keynes

A

Milton Friedman

88
Q

Which of the following types of states achieves the lowest average rates of poverty and inequality?

liberal welfare states

social democratic welfare states

pure market economies

Christian Democratic welfare states

A

social democratic welfare states

89
Q

In which type of welfare state are tax rates the highest?

social democratic welfare states

liberal welfare states

neoliberal states

Christian Democratic welfare states

A

social democratic welfare states

90
Q

Means-tested public assistance is ______.

distributed to all citizens more or less equally

most common in social democratic welfare states

the most expensive form of assistance

available only to those who fall below a certain income level

A

available only to those who fall below a certain income level

Political science 6 Multiple Choice Questions (3 decks)

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