Unit 1

Question 1

Inductive reasoning

Answer 1

Using examples to generate a hypothesis (bottom-up logic)

Question 2

deductive reasoning

Answer 2

starting off with question, going from big generalization and working down to a conclusion (find answer and conclude if it’s correct)

Question 3

Motzetal paper

Answer 3

Purpose: prove jewelweed to be effective against poison ivy

Control: water
Independent: soap/ dawn dishsoap made of jewelweed (form of jewelweed to treat rash)
Dependent: presence of rash

Question 4

Louis pasteur

Answer 4

Germ theory= didn’t poof into existence, bacteria brought it about
Pasteurization: heating milk to get rid of bacteria

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

Predictive, focused, and testable

Question 6

Species diversity

Answer 6

Measure that combines richness and evenness

Question 7

Species richness

Answer 7

of species in an area

Question 8

Species evenness

Answer 8

Proportion of species and how even the species is

Question 9

Species abundance

Answer 9

Count or index of organisms in an area

Question 10

Shannon diversity index

Answer 10

Relationship between richness diversity and the index ( predicts how likely it is to see the same species in an area)

Question 11

Succession

Answer 11

Change overtime, gradual placement of one plant community by another through natural processes

Question 12

Primary succession

Answer 12

• Gradual growth of an ecosystem in an area lacking soil over a long period of time
• begins in a place w/o soil (Ex: landslides, flooding, volcanoes)
• lichens start appearing (Ex: moss or fungi) that start breaking down soil and earth turning it into soil through erosion

Question 13

Secondary succession

Answer 13

• Occurs when a plant community has been destroyed w/o severe disturbance to the soil
• initiated by an event ( ex: forest fire or hurricane)

Question 14

Biological population

Answer 14

Group of potentially interacting & breeding individuals

Question 15

Population size

Answer 15

• You can count them to start tracking populations
• small population is harder to count

Question 16

Equation for population size:
N = M x n/m
explain what the parts of this equation mean

Answer 16

• N = number in population
• M = # marked at time 1
• n = number sampled at time 2
• m = number recaptured at time 2

Question 17

How do you measure trends over time? (doubling, decreasing)

Answer 17

• Immigration: increasing pop.
• emigration: decreasing pop. Size
  *births
  *deaths

Question 18

King Phillips came over for good spaghetti

Answer 18

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 19

Monophyly

Answer 19

Group of organisms encompasses all members descended from a common ancestor
* example: primates - a clade

Question 20

Paraphyly

Answer 20

A group that descend from a single common ancestor but doesn’t contain all descendants from said ancestor like the monophyletic group

Question 21

Polyphyly

Answer 21

Jumping around tree and choosing multiple random groups
- usually based on physical characteristics

Question 22

Transformation

Answer 22

Uptake of DNA from environment

Question 23

Transduction

Answer 23

Virus: enters cell and gives it their DNA

Question 24

Conjugation

Answer 24

In gram negative bacteria, it is transferred through contact

Question 25

When discussing energy for plants what are Phototrophs?

Answer 25

Light

Question 26

When discussing energy for humans what are chemorganotrophs?

Answer 26

Organic compounds

Question 27

When discussing carbon source for plants what are autotrophs?

Answer 27

CO2, HCO3, or related compounds

Question 28

When discussing carbon source for humans what are heterotrophs?

Answer 28

Organic compounds

Question 29

Do Aerobes use oxygen?

Answer 29

Yes!

Question 30

Do anaerobes use oxygen?

Answer 30

No!

Question 31

Photoautotroph

Answer 31

Plants (co2 and light)

Question 32

Photoheterotroph

Answer 32

Uses light but breaks down organic compounds to get co2

Question 33

What are the Aerobic phototrophs Cyanobacteria?

Answer 33

Bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes

Question 34

Archea

Answer 34

Typically found in extreme environments

Question 35

Eukaryotes

Answer 35

Us, fungi, and plants