UNIT 3- RENAL SYSTEM Flashcards
Which of these statements about the renal pyramids is false?
a. They are located in the renal medulla.
b. They contain glomeruli.
c. They contain collecting ducts.
d. They empty urine into the calyces
b
Match the following items:
2. Active transport of sodium; water follows passively
3. Active transport of sodium; impermeable to water
4. Passively permeable to water only
5. Passively permeable to water and urea
a. Proximal tubule
b. Descending limb of loop
c. Ascending limb of loop
d. Distal tubule
e. Medullary collecting duct
- a
- c
- b
- e
Antidiuretic hormone promotes the retention of water by
stimulating
a. the active transport of water.
b. the active transport of chloride.
c. the active transport of sodium.
d. the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
d
Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in
a. the proximal convoluted tubule.
b. the descending limb of the loop.
c. the ascending limb of the loop.
d. the cortical collecting duct.
d
Substance X has a clearance greater than zero but less than that of inulin. What can you conclude about substance X?
a. It is not filtered.
b. It is filtered, but neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
c. It is filtered and partially reabsorbed.
d. It is filtered and secreted.
c
Substance Y has a clearance greater than that of inulin. What can you conclude about substance Y?
a. It is not filtered.
b. It is filtered, but neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
c. It is filtered and partially reabsorbed.
d. It is filtered and secreted.
d
About 65% of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed in
a. the proximal tubule.
b. the distal tubule.
c. the nephron loop.
d. the collecting duct
a
Diuretic drugs that act in the nephron loop
a. inhibit active sodium transport.
b. cause an increased flow of filtrate to the distal convoluted
tubule.
c. cause an increased secretion of potassium into the tubule.
d. promote the excretion of salt and water.
e. do all of these.
e
The appearance of glucose in the urine
a. occurs normally.
b. indicates the presence of kidney disease.
c. occurs only when the transport carriers for glucose become saturated.
d. is a result of hypoglycemia.
c
Reabsorption of water through the tubules occurs by
a. osmosis.
b. active transport.
c. facilitated diffusion.
d. all of these.
a
Which of these factors oppose(s) filtration from the glomerulus?
a. plasma oncotic pressure
b. hydrostatic pressure in glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
c. plasma hydrostatic pressure
d.both a and b
e.both b and c
d
The countercurrent exchange in the vasa recta
a. removes Na+ from the extracellular fluid.
b. maintains high concentrations of NaCl in the extracellular fluid.
c. raises the concentration of Na+ in the blood leaving the kidneys.
d. causes large quantities of Na+ to enter the filtrate.
e. does all of these.
b
The kidneys help to maintain acid–base balance by
a. the secretion of H+ in the distal regions of the nephron.
b. the action of carbonic anhydrase within the apical plasma
membranes.
c. the action of carbonic anhydrase within the cytoplasm of the tubule cells.
d. the buffering action of phosphates and ammonia in the urine.
e. all of these means.
e
Scientists currently believe that the main barrier to the
filtration of proteins into the glomerular capsule is the
a. capillary fenestrae.
b. basement membrane.
c. slit diaphragm.
d. macula densa.
c
A drug that blocks the action of the organic anion
transporters would
a. increase the secretion of xenobiotics into the filtrate.
b. keep antibiotics in the blood for a longer time.
c. prevent glucose from being reabsorbed.
d. cause proteinuria to occur.
b
