Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Estuary Review Notes > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

Estuary Definition:

A

body of water where a river meets the sea and where fresh and saltwater mix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 categories of carbon sources:

A

Ocean sources
River sources
Emergent veg
Submergent veg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 most abundant ions in salt water:

A

Cl-
Na+
Mg
SO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

General salinity range:

A

0.5-30 “BRACKISH”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does saltwater sink relative to freshwater

A

Saltwater is denser due to the salt concentration within the same volume of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 tidal cycles

A

Semi-Diurnal Tide: two almost equal high tides and two low tides each day
Diurnal Tide: only one high and one low tide each day
Mixed Tide: two uneven tides a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Burrard Inlet have

A

Mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 factors that influence tides in estuary

A

Amount of freshwater input
Tidal patterns and current
Geology of area
Climate
Winds and weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Geology classes of estuary

A

Coastal plane/flooded river valley
Delta
Fjord
Tectonic
Bar-built
Lagoon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stratification and Fresh-Seawater Circulation classes of estuary

A

Salt-wedge (most stratified (least mixed))
Fjord
Slightly stratified (deep estuaries)
Vertically mixed (most mixed, shallow estuaries)
Freshwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What geologic class of estuary is associated with West Coast rivers

A

Flooded river valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Howe Sound geologic class

A

Fjord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Based on the estuary stratification classification, () estuaries have the highest, degree of stratification, and () estuaries are the most well-mixed

A

salt-wedge, vertically-mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stratification class with rapidly flowing river discharge into the ocean where tidal currents are relatively weak

A

Salt-wedge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stratification class of geologically classified Fjord

A

Fjord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Factors that control Fjord stratification

A

Sill acts as a natural barrier for denser saltwater

17
Q

Rank the species of Pacific salmon based on the time spent in the estuary as juveniles before moving offshore into the marine environment (in order of increasing time spent)

A

Pink
Chum
Chinook

18
Q

What are the two dominant life-history strategies of Chinook?

A

Ocean type - move into the estuary sooner and spend an extended amount of time growing
Stream type - spend longer in the stream growing before going to the estuary

19
Q

Which occupies the estuary longer?

A

Ocean

20
Q

Two life functions carried out by juvenile Pacific salmon in estuary habitats?

A

Need to undergo physical transformations from freshwater to saltwater fish as juveniles

Need to undergo physical transformations from saltwater to freshwater fish as spawners

Consume prey and grow large enough to migrate to the ocean

Imprinting on their natal streams
(concentrations of the hormone thyroxine =facilitate olfactory imprinting)

21
Q

What line(s) of evidence suggests that some juvenile Chinook salmon rely on estuary habitats for an extended period of time before migrating off-shore?

A

Chinook salmon were recorded using tidal channels - presence detected over time, increasing fork length and growth

Mark and recapture surveys saw juvenile chinook return to tidal channels over several tide cycles

22
Q

The scientific name of eelgrass?

A

Zostera marina

23
Q

The main way that eelgrass reproduces?

A

Reproduce asexually from rhizomes

24
Q

Ecological Services and Functions of eelgrass

A
  1. carbon capture and storage (sequestration!)
  2. removal of polluting nutrients, compounds
  3. trapping of suspended sediment, thereby improving water clarity and enhancing eelgrass growth
  4. wave attenuation
  5. reduces nearshore erosion by anchoring sediment with its spreading rhizomes
  6. provides food, breeding areas, and protective nursery habitat for fish, shellfish, crustaceans and many other animals
25
Q

Human Impacts on Eelgrass

A

Dredging and filling associated with the construction of harbours and ports
Excess nutrient loading and chemical contamination
Logging
Land development
Oil spills
Docks create shading problems for eelgrass beds
Anchoring of recreational boats along the nearshore disturbs rhizomes
Boat propellers cut eelgrass beds in shallow waters
Invasives - European green crab

26
Q

Burrard Inlet, what are three (3) distinct types of major stressors that have contributed to eelgrass declines?

A
  1. Dredging/infilling
  2. Eutrophication/water quality/chemical contamination
  3. Logging, oil spills, docks, anchoring, boat propellors
27
Q

Factors Influencing eelgrass restoration Success

A

Proximity to natural eelgrass bed
Site selection (substrate, depth, current or wave disturbance)
Quality of donor stock
Light
Salinity
Temperature

28
Q

a practical and common metric used to determine if a restored eelgrass bed is approaching reference condition?

A

Shoot density (m2)

29
Q

Canada Goose Scientific name?

A

Five sub-species found in BC:
B. c. canadensis – Atlantic
B. c. moffitti – Great Basin
B. c. leucoparia – Aleutian
B. c. occidentalis – Dusky
B. c. fulva - Vancouver

30
Q

Breeding goose on Vancouver Island?

A

(no historical records of large nesting populations)

31
Q

What law protects Canada geese AND what level of government is responsible for
management decisions related to Canada geese?

A

Migratory Birds Convention Act (1994) MBCA

Federal government – Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) within Environment Canada

32
Q

What are the four (4) politically-acceptable mechanisms for managing geese
populations in BC?

A

Hunting
Damage/Danger Permit

Addling (oil pricking similar… basically a means to sterilize eggs)

First Nations harvesting (Charity permit is a use for the meat, but not a management tool)

Exclosure fencing

33
Q

What stage in the life cycle of Canada Geese are herbivory pressures on native
marsh vegetation greatest and why?

A

During molting from mid-June to mid-July as they concentrate in large groups and cannot fly, hence their local grazing pressure is most intense.

Second greatest time is when young birds are maturing as energy demands are high
(partial marks)

34
Q

What characteristics of human-modified landscapes have contributed to explosive
population growth of Canada geese?

A

Geese have 3 basic habitat requirements: Water, open space, and food.
Human-modified landscapes include the conversion of forests to an abundance of
open, green space in the form of agricultural land, parks, golf courses and other
features that support geese populations.
Across our urban landscape, we have also nearly eliminated hunting
opportunities, therefore there is no natural predator

Estuary Review Notes (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions