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Physics > Physics Final > Flashcards

Physics Final Flashcards

1
Q

To avoid parallax errors, laboratory instruments should be read…

A

at eye level

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2
Q

Which prefix denotes the smallest amount?

A

Nano

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3
Q

A hypothesis can be defined as a?

A

prediction

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4
Q

The equation y=ax^2 + bx + c illustrates which kind of relationship?

A

quadratic

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5
Q

how many sig figs are in the figure, 0.0005080

A

4

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6
Q

an object’s velocity is how fast it is moving and

A

which direction it is moving

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7
Q

the rate at which an object’s velocity changes is its

A

acceleration

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8
Q

which equation would you use to find Velocity

A

v = d/t

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9
Q

a force that is exerted without contact is a?

A

field force

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10
Q

Newton’s 3rd Law

A

every action has an equal but opposite reaction

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11
Q

interaction pair

A

two forces that are in opposite directions but have equal magnitudes

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12
Q

gravitational force

A

the attractive force that exists between all objects with mass

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13
Q

when you are riding in the car and your mom slams on the brakes, you lurch forward quickly and burn your neck on the seat belt. What are you experiencing?

A

inertia

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14
Q

what is the base unit for length (in the metric system)?

A

Meters

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15
Q

what should a scientist do if his conclusion does not match his original hypothesis

A

revise the original hypothesis

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16
Q

a device with very small divisions on its scale can measure with high

A

precision

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17
Q

particle model

A

a series of points that depicts an object in motion

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18
Q

the acceleration due to gravity on Earth (g) is?

A

9.8 m/s^2

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19
Q

which of the following results in the largest acceleration

A

a large change in velocity over a short time interval

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20
Q

if you are riding down the highway, and you close your eyes and feel as if you are NOT moving, you are experiencing what?

A

uniform motion

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21
Q

the net force on an object is equal to zero when that object is in

A

equilibrium

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22
Q

what is the weight of a 4.7 kg object on Earth

A

46.1

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23
Q

a 1.0 kg physics book is sitting on the table, motionless. What is the net force the book is experiencing?

A

F = ma (F = (1)(9.8) = 9.8

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24
Q

The starship enterprise discovered an uncharted planet. Mr. Spook informed Captain Kirk that the gravity on the planet was three times the magnitude of the gravity on Earth. What will be the weight of Captain Kirk on the new planet?

A

3 times

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25
Q

The resultant of Jack pushing with 20 N of force on an object to the right and Jill pushing with 30 N of force on the object to the left is

A

10 N acting to the left

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26
Q

scalar

A

having only magnitude and not direction

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27
Q

vector

A

has magnitude and direction

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28
Q

scientific law

A

A rule (a statement) that describes a pattern in nature

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29
Q

scientific theory

A

A scientific explanation of observations and evidence

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30
Q

precision

A

how close measurements are to each other

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31
Q

accuracy

A

how close a given set of measurements are to their true value

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32
Q

particle model

A

a series of points that depict an object in motion

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33
Q

magnitude

A

size/quantity

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34
Q

displacement

A

a change in position

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35
Q

resultant

A

a force, velocity, or other vector quantity which is equivalent to the combined effect of two or more acting on the same thing (the vector sum of 2 or more vectors)

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36
Q

examples of vectors

A

velocity, momentum, force, speed, and displacement

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37
Q

acceleration

A

the rate of change of velocity per unit of time

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38
Q

free fall

A

the motion of an object due only to the effect of gravity

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39
Q

acceleration due to gravity on earth and moon

A

earth = 9.8 m/s ^2
moon = 1.6 m/s^2

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40
Q

force

A

a push or a pull

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41
Q

inertia

A

an object’s tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged

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42
Q

Newton’s 1st Law

A

an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains so unless acted on by a force

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43
Q

Newton’s 2nd Law

A

F = ma, or net force is equal to mass times acceleration

44
Q

Newton’s 3rd Law

A

For every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction

45
Q

Uniform motion

A

the type of motion in which the object travels in a straight line with uniform speed

46
Q

contact force

A

a force exerted through contact

47
Q

field force

A

a force exerted without contact

48
Q

weight

A

the force acting on the object due to acceleration or gravity

49
Q

drag force

A

the resistance force caused by the motion of a body through a fluid like water or air

50
Q

terminal velocity

A

the maximum velocity (speed) attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid

51
Q

normal force

A

perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface onto another object

52
Q

kepler’s 1st law

A

states that each planet’s orbit around the sun is an ellipse

53
Q

kepler’s 2nd law

A

states that a line running from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times (when a planet is close to the sun it moves quickly, its speed decreases as it gets further from the sun)

54
Q

Kepler’s 3rd Law

A

(Ta/Tb)^2 = (rA/rB)^3

55
Q

Brahe

A

believed that all planets except Earth orbit the sun. Used instruments he made himself to record the exact positions of the planets and stars

56
Q

Copernicus

A

was the first astronomer to propose that the sun is the center of the solar system

57
Q

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

A
  • suggests that objects attract other objects with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
  • allows us to calculate the gravitational force that exists between two bodies because of their mass
58
Q

What is big ‘G’

A

Universal gravitational constant

59
Q

What is little ‘g’

A

Local gravity

60
Q

velocity

A

d/t

61
Q

what is the strongest geometric shape?

A

triangle

62
Q

Which planet takes the longest amount of time to make one complete orbit around the sun

A

Neptune

63
Q

How many sigfigs are in 0.0010970

A

5

64
Q

How many sigfigs are in 100?

A

One

65
Q

Which is more precise, a beaker or a graduated cylinder?

A

A graduated cylinder

66
Q

When graphing data, which axis does the independent variable use? Which axis does the dependent variable use?

A

Independent = x-axis, dependent = y-axis

67
Q

Which city in the US has the most bridges? Which city in the world has the most bridges?

A

Pittsburgh, London

68
Q

What is the equation for Weight?

A

W=mg

69
Q

What are the four fundamental forces of nature?

A

Gravity, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear

70
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a number is to accepted value

71
Q

Precision

A

Frequency which a measurement produces to same result

72
Q

Magnitude

A

Size

73
Q

Unit for temperature

A

Kelvin

74
Q

Unit for length

A

Meter

75
Q

Unit for mass

A

Kilograms

76
Q

Unit for time

A

Seconds

77
Q

Unit for force

A

Newtons

78
Q

Unit for velocity

A

m/s

79
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

m/s^2

80
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in an object

81
Q

Force

A

A push or pull

82
Q

Normal force

A

Perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on another object

83
Q

Speed

A

Change in distance per time

84
Q

Acceleration

A

Change in velocity per unit of time

85
Q

Free body diagram

A

Shows forced acting on an object

86
Q

Center of mass

A

Point where all mass is concentrated

87
Q

Weight

A

The vertical downward force exerted on a mass by gravity

88
Q

Reaction time

A

Response to a situation

89
Q

Projectile

A

Travels through the air or another medium

90
Q

Kepler’s 1st Law

A

Planets move in ellipse around the sun

91
Q

Kepler’s 2nd Law

A

Imaginary line drawn between a planet and sun has equal periods and areas

92
Q

Kepler’s 3rd Law

A

Defines the relationship between the motion and the period of several objects

93
Q

Copernicus

A

Proposed heliocentric point of view instead of geometric

94
Q

Brahe

A

Believed all planets except earth orbit the sun

95
Q

acceleration

A

change in v / t

96
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

F=ma

97
Q

Weight

A

w=mg

98
Q

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

A

F = Gm1m2 / r^2

99
Q

Kepler’s Third Law

A

(Ta/Tb)^2 = (rA/rB)^3

100
Q

Speed of an object orbiting another object

A

v = √ (GmN/r)

101
Q

Period of Object orbiting another

A

T = 2π√(r^3/GmN)

102
Q

momentum

A

a measurement of mass in motion

103
Q

impulse

A

a certain amount of force you apply for a certain amount of time to cause a change in momentum.

104
Q

collision equations

A
105
Q

Metric units from biggest to smallest

A

Tera, Giga, Mega, Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Base, Deci, Centi, Milli, Micro, Nano, Pico, Fento

Physics (7 decks)

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