318 Final

Question 1

What is the sequence of steps for correct evidence based practice

Answer 1

Ask, gather, assess and appraise, act, evaluate

Question 2

What steps are included in quality improvement

Answer 2

-Conduct an assessment
-Setting specific goals for improvement
-Identify ideas for changing current practice .
-decide how improvement will be measured.
-rapidly testing practice changes
-measuring improvements
-adopting the practice as new standard of care.

Question 3

Where in the research article is the reader most likely to find the study purpose

Answer 3

Introduction

Question 4

In research study, factors such as age, weight, race and or height are examples of what

Answer 4

Variables

Question 5

What info is typically found in an abstract

Answer 5

Study purpose
Methods /design
Data analysis/results
Recommendations
Introduction

Question 6

What is defined as the systematic use of data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and the use of improvement methods to design and test changes in practice for the purpose of continuously improving the quality and safety of healthcare systems?

Answer 6

QI

Question 7

What is the process of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of a research article for scientific merit and application to practice, theory, or education

Answer 7

Critical appraisal

Question 8

What type of review includes studies that support the authors perspective and provide a broad background discussion in a focused area of interest without the systematic approach of searching for and appraising papers.

Answer 8

Narrative review.

Question 9

What are critical areas that the nurse researcher should assess when evaluating clinical practice guidelines

Answer 9

Endorsement of the guideline
Types of evidence
Search terms and retrieval methods
Comprehensive reference list
Review of guideline by experts

Question 10

What type of review is most likely to sacrifice rigor

Answer 10

Rapid review
And
Integrative review

Question 11

What is the most important question to ask when completing a critical appraisal of a systematic review

Answer 11

Does the PICO question match the studies included in the review.

Question 12

What are the types of clinical practice guidelines

Answer 12

Expert and evidence

Question 13

If participants in a research study have similar extraneous variables, they are called a:

Answer 13

Homogenous sample

Question 14

The critical component of ______in data collection refers to ensuring the environment conditions, timing of data collection, data collection instruments,and data collection procedures are all the same for each participant.

Answer 14

Constancy

Question 15

A single research study combining the use of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in is considered

Answer 15

Mixed methods

Question 16

What effect is present when the participants behavior is modified because of their awareness of being observed

Answer 16

Reactive (Hawthorne) effect

Question 17

What are threats to internal validity?

Answer 17

History
Maturation
Mortality

Question 18

What describes the ability to generalize the findings outside the study to other populations and environment?

Answer 18

External validity

Question 19

Where in a research article would threats to validity be most likely discussed

Answer 19

Limitations

Question 20

What considerations must be made in determining the feasibility of a research question

Answer 20

Subject availability
Facility and equipment availability
Money
Ethics
Time

Question 21

What form of control in quantitative methodology dictates that each potential participant has an equal chance of being assigned to a treatment group

Answer 21

Randomization

Question 22

What factor asks whether the independent variable, and not another factor, truly made the difference or the change in the dependent variable

Answer 22

Internal validity

Question 23

When critiquing quantitative designs, the primary focus is to what extent the experiment treatment, or________, cause the desired effect on the outcome, or________.

Answer 23

Independent variable, dependent variable

Question 24

What type of nonexperimental design studies the relationship between two or more variables but not whether in variable causes another variable

Answer 24

Correlation

Question 25

What kind of design is a non equivalent control group study

Answer 25

Quasi-experimental

Question 26

What are the three types of experimental designs

Answer 26

RCT
Solomon four group
After only desigb

Question 27

A time series design is what kind

Answer 27

Quasi-experimental

Question 28

What kind of design is a one group (pretext-posttest)

Answer 28

Quasiexperimental

Question 29

What are the types of survey designs

Answer 29

Descriptive
Exploratory
Comparative

Question 30

Experimental studies provide the best evidence in support of a causal relationship because of what 3 things

Answer 30

The variables are associated with each other
The independent variable chronologically precedes the dependent variable
The relationship cannot be explained by the presence of a third variable

Question 31

What is another name for an ex post facto study

Answer 31

Case control study or retrospective study

Question 32

What are cohort studies also known as

Answer 32

Prospective or longitudinal studies.

Question 33

Which 3 elements are required for experimental design

Answer 33

Randomization
Control
Manipulation

Question 34

Why are quasi experimental designs not true experiments

Answer 34

They lack randomization or the use of a control group.