Energy + Density Flashcards

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1
Q

define kinetic energy

A

energy stored in moving objects

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2
Q

define elastic potential energy

A

the energy that is stored within a stretched spring

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3
Q

define gravitational potential energy

A

the energy stored in an object due to its position above the earth’s surface

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4
Q

define specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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5
Q

define thermal energy

A

the energy stored due to an objects temperature

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6
Q

define specific latent heat

A

the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg if a substance with no change in temperature

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7
Q

define the law of the conservation of energy

A

energy can be transferred usefully, stored, or dissipated but it can not be created or destroyed

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8
Q

why do solids have a high density?

A

because the particles are packed closely together and so they have a lot of mass for their volume

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9
Q

why do liquids have a high density?

A

because the particles are packed together and so liquids have a lot of mass for their volume

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10
Q

why do gases have a low density?

A

because the particles are very far apart and so gases have a small mass for their volume

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11
Q

define internal energy

A

the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system

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12
Q

what are modern houses built from? (2)

A

external brick wall
internal breezeblock wall

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13
Q

how do builders correct the cavity in the walls?

A

they pack the cavity with an insulating material which has a very low thermal conductivity

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14
Q

what other two ways can we reduce the loss of thermal energy in a home?

A

double-glazed windows - they have very low thermal conductivity

loft insulation - has low thermal conductivity

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15
Q

what are the advantages of fossil fuels (5)

A
  • RELIABLE; always provide energy when we need it
  • release a GREAT DEAL OF ENERGY
  • ABUNDANT; the world still has plenty of them
  • CHEAP
  • VERSATILE; can use them for transport, generating electricity and for heating
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16
Q

what are the disadvantages of fossil fuels? (3)

A
  • release a HUGE AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE
  • NON-RENEWABLE; not being replenished as we use them
  • can release OTHER POLLUTANTS; coal > sulfur dioxide leads to acid rain
17
Q

what are the advantages of nuclear power? (3)

A
  • DOESN’T RELEASE CARBON DIOXIDE
  • DOESN’T CONTRIBUTE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • RELIABLE; generates a lot of electricity when we want it
18
Q

what are the disadvantages of nuclear power? (3)

A
  • contain HIGHLY RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS; if there’s an accident, these materials could be released into the environment
  • at the end of its life, a nuclear power plant takes MANY YEARS TO DECOMMISSION and it is EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE
  • generates LARGE AMOUNTS OF HIGHLY DANGEROUS RADIOACTIVE WASTE; this must be stored for thousands of years before it’s safe