Exam 3: Trunk and Spine

Question 1

Erector Spinae Group

Answer 1

 Spinalis Capitus
 Spinalis Cervicis
 Spinalis Thoracis
 Longissimus Capitus
 Longissimus Cervicis
 Longissimus Thoracis
 Iliocostalis Cervicis
 Iliocostalis Thoracis
 Iliocostalis Lumborum

Action: spine extension, lateral
flexion, rotation, anterior pelvic
rotation, lateral pelvic rotation

Question 2

Quadratus Lumborum (posterior)

Answer 2

 Origin: posterior part of iliac crest
 Insertion: 12th rib, transverse processes of L1-L4
 Action: lateral flexion to same side, extension, stabilizes pelvis & lumbar spine, anterior pelvic rotation, lateral pelvic rotation to opposite side

Question 3

External Obliques

Answer 3

 Origin: lower 8 ribs
 Insertion: iliac crest, linea alba, inguinal ligament, pubic crest
 Action: lateral flexion to same side, trunk flexion, rotation to opposite side, posterior & lateral pelvic rotation

Question 4

Internal Obliques

Answer 4

 Origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament
 Insertion: linea alba, 8-10th ribs
 Action: lateral flexion to same side, trunk flexion, rotation to same side, posterior & lateral pelvic rotation

Question 5

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 5

 Origin: pubic crest
 Insertion: ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
 Action: flexion of the trunk, posterior pelvic rotation

Question 6

Transversus Abdominis

Answer 6

 Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest
 Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest
 Action: supports viscera, forced expiration by pulling abdominal wall inward

Question 7

Longus Colli Group

Answer 7

Action: Cervical spine flexion
Region: Anterior cervical

Question 8

Interspinalis

Answer 8

Action: Extension
Region: Spinous processes

Question 9

Intertransversarii

Answer 9

Action: Lateral flexion
Region: Transverse processes

Question 10

Multifidus spinae

Answer 10

Action: Extension, rotation to opposite side
Region: Transverse processes

Question 11

Rotatores

Answer 11

Action: Extension rotation to opposite side
Region: Transverse to spinous processes

Question 12

Semispinalis Capitis

Answer 12

Action: Extension rotation to opposite side
Region: Occipital

Question 13

Semispinalis Cervicis

Answer 13

Action: Extension rotation to opposite side
Region: Cervical

Question 14

Semispinalis thoracis

Answer 14

Action: Extension rotation to opposite side
Region: Thoracic

Question 15

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 15

 Origin: manubrium of sternum and the superior anterior-
medial part of the clavicle
 Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
 Action: flexion of cervical spine, lateral flexion to same side, rotation to opposite side, extension at atlantooccipital joint

Question 16

Scalenes Group

Answer 16

Action: Flexion, lateral flexion, elevates 1st rib
Region: 1st rib

Question 17

Longus Capitits

Answer 17

Action: Head flexion
Region: Occipital

Question 18

Rectus capitus anterior

Answer 18

Action: Head flexion
Region: Occipital

Question 19

Rectus capitis posterior

Answer 19

Action: Head extension, rotation
Region: Occipital

Question 20

Splenius Capitus

Answer 20

Action: Extension, lateral flexion, rotation
Region: Mastoid process

Question 21

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 21

Action: Extension, lateral flexion, rotation
Region: Cervical

Question 22

Muscles of Respirtation

Answer 22

Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals

Question 23

Diaphragm

Answer 23

 Dome-shaped at the level of the xiphoid process and last 7 ribs
 Contracts downward to enlarge thoracic cavity during inspiration

Question 24

External Intercostals

Answer 24

 Attached between each rib
 Rib elevation to enlarge cavity during inspiration

Question 25

Internal Intercostals

Answer 25

 Attached between each rib
 Decrease cavity and aids in forced expiration

Question 26

Levator Costarum

Answer 26

Action: Rib elevation
Region: Between ribs

Question 27

Scalenus

Answer 27

Action: Rib 1 elevation, cervical flexion, lateral flexion
Region: Transverse processes to rib 1

Question 28

Serratus Posterior (superior)

Answer 28

Action: Rib elevation
Region: Upper ribs

Question 29

Transversus Thoracis

Answer 29

Action: Rib Depression
Region: Inner surface of costal cartilage

Question 30

Serratus Posterior (Inferior)

Answer 30

Action: Rib Depression
Region: Lower ribs

Question 31

Subcostales

Answer 31

Action: Rib Depression
Region: Inner surface of ribs