Honors Bio Semester test

Question 1

The atomic number of an element is defined by the:

Answer 1

Number of protons

Question 2

Phosphorus, atomic number 15 and atomic mass 30.9 contains:

Answer 2

15 protons, 15 neutrons, and 15 electrons

Question 3

Carbon is found in all macromolecules that compose a living organism on earth. Which statement is not true?

A.) Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons in its outermost shell

B.) Carbon atoms can form single, double, and triple covalent bonds

C.) Carbon atoms can act as intersections within macromolecules

D.) All compounds that contain carbon are called organic molecules

Answer 3

D.) All compounds that contain carbon are called organic molecules. Organic molecules have to contain Carbon, Hydrogen, AND Oxygen

Question 4

In your bloodstream, carbon dioxide can react with water to form carbonic acid

CO2 +H2O = H2CO3

Which statement is correct? I’m not writing them because most of those options are silly. Flip the card for the answer

Answer 4

CO2 and H2O are reactants and H2CO3 is referred to as the product.

Question 5

Salt is a combination of sodium atoms and chlorine atoms. How is salt not deadly to you when its two components are individually harmful to you? I will never fully understand why but they become ions for some reason. it makes an ICONIC bond #dynamicduo

Answer 5

When a sodium atom gives an electron to a chlorine atom, each atom becomes an ion allowing for an ionic bond to occur and the resulting ionic compound is non-lethal.

Changing structure, changing function

Question 6

Chemistry has many different levels of structure and terminology. Which of the following chemical terms includes all the other terms?

A.) Molecules

B.) Element

C.) Atom

D.) Polymer

Answer 6

Molecules

Question 7

A carbon atom shares electrons with two oxygen atoms to form carbon dioxide. This type of bonding is best described as:

Answer 7

Covalent

Question 8

The reactions of two monomers becoming a resulting polymer, as seen in the graphic below, is classified as what type of chemical reaction?

Answer 8

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 9

ATP is the energy-containing molecule most often used by cells of living organisms to power cellular activities. Energy is released from ATP molecules when:

Answer 9

A phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis from an ATP molecule

Question 10

Which was the control group in Becky’s control group in this experiment? (Yes its the one you think it is)

A.) 0%

B.) 25%

C.) 50%

D.) 100%

Answer 10

A.) 0%

Question 11

The movement of water upward from the roots to the stems, and then to the leaves, is due to what two properties of water?

Answer 11

Cohesion of water molecules through hydrogen bonds and adhesion of water molecules to the xylem of plants.

Question 12

Describe the term Optimally

Answer 12

The term optimally describes the environmental conditions that best allow enzymes to work.

Question 13

What are enzymes classified as?

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

Describe the term “Denature”

Answer 14

Denature is to destroy or break apart proteins.

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

Carbohydrates are used for short term energy storage

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

Lipids are fats used for long term energy storage

Question 17

Nucleic Acids

Answer 17

Carry genetic information for DNA and RNA

Question 18

Proteins

Answer 18

Builds and repairs muscles, creates enzymes as well as hormones.

Question 19

Why are water molecules said to be polar?

Answer 19

hydrogen is slightly positively charged while oxygen is slightly negatively charged which makes it :･ﾟ✧:･ﾟ✧polar:･ﾟ✧:･ﾟ✧

Question 20

What kind of bonds do water molecules have?

Answer 20

Water molecules have hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and covalent bonds between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

Question 21

Water is the Universal Solvent

Answer 21

Water being the universal solvent means that it is capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid. This is important for plants because water helps plants prepare their food through photosynthesis.

Question 22

Cohesion

Answer 22

Water is cohesive. This means that water likes to stick to itself, which is important because it helps plants take water at their roots.

Question 23

Water is less dense as a solid.

Answer 23

This means that the molecules are more spread out in solid form. This is important for marine life to #thrive underneath the ice in the cold.

Question 24

Who proved that DNA was genetic material and NOT proteins?

Answer 24

Hershey and Chase

Question 25

Adenine and Guanine are…. (smaller word, bigger thing)

Answer 25

Purines

Question 26

Cytosine and Thymine are… (larger word, smaller thing)

Answer 26

Pyrimidines

Question 27

What bonds hold the two sides together and twist DNA into the double helix shape?

Answer 27

Hydrogen bonds

Question 28

DNA is best described as…

Answer 28

Semiconservative strands that run antiparallel to one another

Question 29

You have a cut on your skin. Cells must grow and reproduce to repair this cut. What phase of the cell cycle helps create more DNA strands?

Answer 29

S (that means synthesis. synthesis= slay)

Question 30

The process of making a complete copy of an entire length of DNA

Answer 30

DNA Replication

Question 31

An organism has been found to create more DNA molecules within a short amount of time allowing this organism to repair scarred/damaged tissue at a much higher rate than humans. What enzyme would allow this process to happen at a faster rate.

Answer 31

DNA Polymerase

Question 32

The cell theory is one of the fundamental theories in Biology. Which of the following is not a statement from the Cell Theory?

A.) The cell is the basic functional unit of life

B.) All cells come from pre-existing cells

C.) Cells may grow to an unlimited size

D.) All living organisms are made from cells

Answer 32

Cells may grow to an unlimited size. That’s silly. We can’t even see them under a microscope. How would them being an unlimited size even make sense?

Question 33

Organelles play various roles within eukaryotic cells, such as helping with protein production or structural integrity. Which organelle contains DNA and is responsible for producing ATP when oxygen is available within the cell?

Answer 33

The mitochondria are the energy producing organelles associated with ATP synthesis.

Question 34

Proteins can be produced by cells and then exported out of the cell to aid in cell communication. Examples of this are hormones. Hormones are examples of ligands, communication molecules, between cells that can trigger a signal transduction response. Which structures and organelles would play a role in protein synthesis of these protein hormone molecules?

Answer 34

Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi Apparatus

Question 35

Animal cells do not have protective cell walls as plant cells do because they need to be able to move or to be flexible. They do have protective structures that help to protect them from environmental stresses. Which statement below best identifies and explains the structures that animal cells possess?

Answer 35

The extracellular matrix protects the outer membrane surface; whereas, the cytoskeleton provides internal support and structure extracellular matrix protects the outer membrane surface; whereas, the cytoskeleton provides internal support and structure to the cell.ure to the cell.

Question 36

The smallest, simplest collection of matter that exhibits traits of life is…

Answer 36

A cell

Question 37

The correct hierarchy: memorize it

Answer 37

molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organism

Question 38

What is NOT a correct microscope procedure?

Answer 38

adjusting the amount of light passing through a specimen using the fine adjustment and coarse adjustment knobs

Question 39

How do you identify a prokaryotic cell? (Pro means NO)

Answer 39

cell wall, flagella, and chloroplasts

Question 40

Which plant cell structure contains water, wastes, and toxic substances?

Answer 40

Vacuole

Question 41

Which is surrounded by a double membrane, contains several chromosomes, RNA, and ribosomal RNA?

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

Which organelle digests materials that have been engulfed by cells?

Answer 42

Lysosomes (They’re like bleach)

Question 43

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell.

Answer 43

Rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane.