renal (urinary) system

Question 1

what makes up the renal system

Answer 1

contains the kidneys, ureters, bladder and the urethra
-contains hilum, renal artery and renal veins

Question 2

functions of the renal system

Answer 2

filters fluids
-main organ for excretion to maintain water, solutes and electrolytes
-eliminates waste from the body in urine

Question 3

kidney

Answer 3

paired organs
-retroperitoneal location on the posterior abdominal wall

Question 4

function of the kidney

Answer 4

main filtering and excreting organ
-removes waste (liquid waste)

Question 5

how is the kidney divided

Answer 5

cortex (outer layer) and inner medulla (inner tissue)
-renal columns project toward sinus which divide into renal pyramids
-pyramids point to a papilla which point to the minor calyces which go to the major calyces

Question 6

flow of filtering in the kidney

Answer 6

pyramids, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, through ureter to the bladder

Question 7

nephron

Answer 7

microscopic renal tubule
-the filtering section

Question 8

ureters

Answer 8

tubes coming off of the kidneys
-goes to the bladder

Question 9

bladder

Answer 9

can hold up to 1 L of liquid
-connected by the ureters for urine transport
-muscle contracts for urination
-stretch receptors in bladders detect when urination is needed

Question 10

urethra

Answer 10

what connects the bladder to the outside

Question 11

urine

Answer 11

mostly water but contains urea, uric acid, amino acids and electrolytes

Question 12

pathway for urine

Answer 12

passed through the nephrons, collecting ducts, renal papillary, minor, major renal pelvis, ureter and then urinary bladder

Question 13

kidney failure ; what is it? types? causes?

Answer 13

the loss of kidney function
-acute and chronic
-can be caused by destruction of the tubules, injuries, surgeries, blocked arteries, diseases or obstruction of the urinary tract

Question 14

treatment for kidney failure

Answer 14

spontaneous recovery, medications or dialysis
-dialysis is the process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people who’s kidneys no longer perform correctly

Question 15

kidney stones & symptoms

Answer 15

concretion of minerals and organic matter that form in the kidneys
-primary (formed without cause) or secondary (result from something else)
-pain in the side/back, cloudy urine, persistent need to urinate, fever/chills

Question 16

treatment for kidney stones

Answer 16

lithotripsy
-using shock waves to break up stones in the kidney

Question 17

urinary tract infection

Answer 17

inflammation of the renal system characterized by frequent or painful urination caused by the invasion of microorganisms (usually into urethra and bladder)
-use of antibiotic medications

Question 18

audiology clinical correlation

Answer 18

-HL is twice as common with those that have kidney disease due to the potential of toxins going to the nerves in the inner ear
-renal hypertension can damage hearing due to blood vessel damage
-diuretics are ototoxic and can affect hearing

Question 19

branchio-oto-renal syndrome

Answer 19

malformations of the ear association with HL
-branchial cysts and renal malformations ranging from various kidney issues