Transmission of diseases Flashcards
Feline leukaemia virus – Retrovirus
Infectious agent- Feline leukaemia virus – Retrovirus
Reservoir- Felines
Portal of exit- Bodily fluids of infected felines (saliva, urine, faeces, milk)
Mode of
transmission- Transplacental transmission – rare Direct contact with bodily fluids of infected felines
Portal of entry- Bite wounds, food/water bowls – rare
Susceptible host- Felines
Effects on host- Can cause infections of the skin, urinary bladder, and upper respiratory tract, progressive weight lost, persistent fever, pale gums and other mm, enlarged lymph nodes
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Psedointermedius
Infectious agent- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Psedointermedius
Reservoir -Canines, Felines, Humans
Portal of exit- Respiratory secretions, aerosolised particles
Mode of
transmission- Direct contact with contaminated respiratory secretions, contaminated fomites or surfaces
Portal of entry- Wound sites, via contaminated urinary and iv catheters
Susceptible host -Canines, felines, and less commonly humans
Effects on host- Skin and ear infections, wound and surgical site infections, can cause respiratory infections
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Infectious agent- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Reservoir- Human
Portal of exit- Open sores and wounds
Mode of transmission- Direct contact with open sores and wounds, or contaminated surfaces
Portal of entry- Open wounds, surgical incisions, sores, urinary tract, IV catheters
Susceptible host- Humans, elderly, young, old, immunocompromised
Effects on host- Skin infections, can cause respiratory infections, urinary infections
Feline calcivirus – feline respiratory disease (Calciviridae)
Infectious agent Feline calcivirus – feline respiratory disease (Calciviridae)
Reservoir Felines
Portal of exit Respiratory secretions, aerosolised particles in the environment
Mode of transmission Virus may survive in the environment for up to a week – aerosolised particles in environment Direct contact with infected felines, indirect contact with contaminated fomites/surfaces
Portal of entry Inhalation – via respiratory tract
Susceptible host Felines
Effects on host Sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, ulcers on tongue and gums
Canine Herpes Virus
Infectious agent Canine Herpes Virus
Reservoir Canines
Portal of exit Body fluids, transplacental
Mode of transmission Direct contact with body fluids of the infected animal
Portal of entry Ingestion, via mucus membranes
Susceptible host Dogs
Effects on host Ocular and nasal discharge and inflammation, genital sores, coughing, sneezing, vaginal and penile discharge
Lentivirus – FIV (Feline immunodeficiency Virus)
Infectious agent Lentivirus – FIV (Feline immunodeficiency Virus)
Reservoir Felines
Portal of exit Saliva of infected feline
Mode of transmission Direct transmission via bites mainly, can infect a susceptible cat via other bodily fluids although this is much less common, the virus can also be sexually transmitted
Portal of entry Bite wounds from an infected feline
Susceptible host Felines
Effects on host Reduces the ability of the immune system to respond to other infections – Gingivitis, weight loss, poor appetite, fever, swollen lymph nodes, vomiting and diarrhoea
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV)
Infectious agent Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV)
Reservoir Environment – soil contaminated with infected faeces
Portal of exit Gastrointestinal - faeces
Mode of transmission Direct dog to dog contact and contact with contaminated faeces, environments (soil), fomites, and surfaces
Portal of entry Ingestion – via mouth
Susceptible host Dogs, particularly puppies younger than four months and unvaccinated are most at risk
Effects on host Severe and often bloody diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain and bloating, dehydration, can lead to septic shock
Rabies - Lyssavirus
Infectious agent Rabies - Lyssavirus
Reservoir Bats – are the true primary reservoir host, foxes
Portal of exit Saliva, mucous membranes in eyes nose and mouth
Mode of transmission Direct contact such as via broken skin or mm with saliva
Portal of entry Bites from a rabid animal
Susceptible host All mammals including humans
Effects on host Muscle weakness, fever, saliva frothing at the mouth, general paralysis followed by convulsions, zoonotic
Salmonella
Infectious agent Salmonella
Reservoir Poultry and livestock
Portal of exit Gastrointestinal – faeces
Mode of transmission Direct and indirect
Portal of entry Ingestion direct – faecal oral route, eating/drinking contaminated produce, indirect contact with contaminated fomites and surfaces and accidental ingestion
Susceptible host Humans, poultry, livestock, rodents, amphibians, small mammals, farm animals, zoonotic
Effects on host Vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, loss of appetite, decreased activity level
Giardia duodenalis
Infectious agent Giardia duodenalis
Reservoir Environment – contaminated soil with faeces of infected animals, most commonly dogs
Portal of exit Gastrointestinal – faeces
Mode of transmission Direct contact with faeces of infected animal, indirect contact through contaminated water, food, surfaces, or objects
Portal of entry Ingestion of giardia cysts – faecal oral route
Susceptible host Cats, dogs, cows, goats, and wildlife, some strains of giardia can be acquired by humans, may be zoonotic
Effects on host Diarrhoea, gas, abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting, it is possible to that the infection is present and is asymptomatic
Toxoplasma Gondii
Infectious agent Toxoplasma Gondii
Reservoir Felines
Portal of exit Gastrointestinal – faeces
Mode of transmission Indirect transmission
Portal of entry By eating intermediate hosts, via handling contaminated animals, raw meat or contaminated food, undercooked food, water, dirt, soil contaminated with cat faeces
Susceptible host Humans, cats
Effects on host Can be asymptomatic, however fever, diarrhoea, cough, dyspnoea, seizures, as well as abortion and stillbirth can be seen
Dermatophytes – ring worm
Infectious agent Dermatophytes – ring worm
Reservoir Environment – soil, animals, humans – surface of skin
Portal of exit By creating spores and travelling through broken skin
Mode of transmission Direct contact with infected animals/humans, contact with contaminated fomites, and surfaces
Portal of entry Open wounds, broken skin, contact with infected skin, bodily fluids, inhalation of particles of infected skin or fungus
Susceptible host Humans, dogs, cats
Effects on host Patches – circular, hairless, irregularly shaped areas of scaling crusting, and redness that may or may not be itchy, brittle or broken hairs
