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AREC 200 > Section 2: Colonial Agricultural Period > Flashcards

Section 2: Colonial Agricultural Period Flashcards

1
Q

Medieval Warm Period (4)

A

400 - 1600 AD
temp went up 2 degrees
“productive period”
pre-contact

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2
Q

LIA: Little Ice Age

A

14th-19th century
start before Columbus arrive

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3
Q

Causes of LIA (4)

A

no solar flares/sun spots (Maunder minimum)
sulfur deposits from volcano eruption
disruption in ocean currents (glacier melt and move)
decrease in agriculture,reforestation

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4
Q

Societal impacts of LIA (3)

A

Great Famine
Bubonic Plague
Witch Hunt

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5
Q

Weather patterns during LIA (4)

A

decrease summer mean temp
increase variability rain/frost
shortened growing period
increase frequency crop failure

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6
Q

Virgin Soil Hypothesis

A

lack of defense to new disease

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7
Q

3 options of socio-economic adaptation

A

Minimize crop failure
Minimize consequences of crop failure
Abandon agriculture

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8
Q

socio-economic adaptation
Minimize crop failure (4)

A

lower land slopes
near water bodies
indoor storage (artifacts)
build forts (defense)

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9
Q

socio-economic adaptation
Minimize consequences of crop failure (2)

A

diversify subsistence (plant -> meat)
dietary transition

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10
Q

socio-economic adaptation
Abandon agriculture (3)

A

farmers to 100 hunters
technology innovation (horsebacks)
social reorganization (small, mobile groups)

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11
Q

Punctuated Change (2 shifts)

A

1st shift: LIA (forced to change subsistence)
2nd shift: ideology of domination, Manifest Destiny (adaptation under duress)

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12
Q

LHM

A

Lord Have Mercy on savages

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13
Q

Period of Cooperation (3)

A

Military alliances
Trade
Mutual assistence

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14
Q

Western Expansion (2)

A

Ideology of Domination
Manifest Destiny

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15
Q

Ideology of Domination

A

savages are dangerous, get rid of them by killing bisons

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16
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

God’s will, justify western expansion, railroad tracks

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17
Q

Reasons of eradication of Bisons (4)

A

savagery to barbarism
entertainment
rely on govmt
Yellowstone park

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18
Q

Used agriculture as colonial tool through (2)

A

Treaties
Agricultural provisions

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19
Q

Treaties (2)

A

Peace and Friendship (GB and FN)
Numbered

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20
Q

Numbered treaties 1-11

A

surrender land for farming benefits

21
Q

Agricultural provisions (3)

A

lands
resources
training

22
Q

Home Farm Program (1878)

A

Ontario agents
teach indigenous farming
fail bc they don’t know how to farm in plains
women support men

23
Q

Social engineering and directed cultural change

A

influence attitudes to produce desired characteristic

24
Q

Directed cultural change (3)

A

Report on farm practices
Metis Rehabilitation farm colonies
File Hills Farm Colony

25
Q

Metis Rehabilitation Farm Colony (1900s)

A

road allowance to Green Lake (segregation)
fail bc: Govmt vs. church

26
Q

File Hills Farm Colony (1898 - 1949)

A

residential school (80acres)
Church and govmt
women support men

27
Q

How did indigenous success in farming (2)

A

used to harsh weather
collective land and labour

28
Q

Public opposition to indigenous success (3)

A

unfair competition
Europeans are not collective
inevitable govmt support

29
Q

Government policies to undermine success (8)

A

Home Farm Program
Severity
PFP
Permit
Pass
Greater production campaign
Soldier Settlement Act
CP

30
Q

Severity Policy

A

change treaty formula
40 acres per person, max 160
high quality land put on lease for Europeans

31
Q

Peasant Farm Policy (PFP)

A

take away plow and resources
“FN are peasants, use digging sticks”

32
Q

Permit

A

legal
Indian agent
sell outside reserve

33
Q

Pass

A

Indian agent
to go outside reserve
harassed

34
Q

Greater Production Campaign

A

fake goal: increase food production
give more land to settlers by building govmt run farms in reserves

35
Q

Soldier Settlement Act

A

160 acres to veterans

36
Q

Certificate of Possession

A

FN veterans privitise

37
Q

Unfulfilled treaties (2)

A

Treaty Land Entitlement
Agricultural Benefits Claims

38
Q

Trends in SK farming (3)

A

less farms
bigger size farms
only 2% FN

39
Q

Modern days
Barriers of Entry (5)

A

Farming heritage
On-reserve land ownership
high capital requirements
lack of credit access
flawed leasing requirements

40
Q

2 types of flawed leasing requirements

A

CIRNAC
Buckshee

41
Q

CIRNAC

A

legal, managed by govmt
take 1-2 yrs to receive payment from govmt

42
Q

Buckshee

A

informal
get payment right away
CP money goes to individual, not FN

43
Q

Problems of Buckshee (4)

A

financial risk
lack of control
discourage land improvements
money below market lease

44
Q

SRC: Sprott Resource Corporation
What was their goal?

A

oil/gas company in Toronto
wanted agricultural industry, deal with FN through OEF promises
prevent other companies establish farming operations in prairies

45
Q

OEF: One Earth Farms
6 promises

A

equity to FN
10yr long term lease
fair lease price
hire FN
job training
UofS

46
Q

Negatives of OEF (5)

A

short investments for flip
poor management
initial investment too big
SRC not give back ownership to FN
FN hedge bets

47
Q

Positives of OEF (4)

A

OEF lease protected by CIRNAC
land survey -> recordings
new farm enterprise
fair market lease

48
Q

BSE: Mad cow crisis (2003)

A

wanham Alberta
loss in Canadian economy

49
Q

Support for non-FN vs. support for FN
during BSE

A

provincial and federal aid 2.5 billion
FN not eligible: no tax documentation

AREC 200 (2 decks)

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