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veldism > MTC HISTO > Flashcards

MTC HISTO Flashcards

1
Q

differentiate histology to histotechnology

A

Microscopic study of diseased tissue

processing of tissues in such a manner as to enable microscopy / study of the tissue

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2
Q

how to secure sample transportation?

A

containers in 10% buffered formalin; ice/ dried ice for fresh samples

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3
Q

red tube meaning

A

no anticoagulant

serology

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4
Q

coagulant of gray tube

A

NaF

glucose estimation

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5
Q

sky blue tube anticoagulant

A

3.2% sodium citrate

coagulation studies

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6
Q

green tube anticoagulant

A

heparin

bone marrow test

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7
Q

yellow tube meaning

A

citrate

blood culture

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8
Q

pink tube anticoagulant

A

K2 EDTA, for whole blood

blood typing,

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9
Q

two kinds of preservation techniques that are most commonly used:

A

REFRIGERATION

CHEMICAL PRESERVATION.

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10
Q

is a process by which constituents of cells are treated in a chemical so that they will withstand subsequent treatment with various reagents with minimum distortion or decomposition and keep the tissue in as life-like manner as possible

A

fixation

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11
Q

The most common type of fixation is by

A

immersion

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12
Q

ideal fixative characteristics

A

prevents degeneration and autolysis

can harden to enable cutting

does not distort the cellular constituents

can support chemicals used in processing

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13
Q

most common fixative to withstand subsequent tx

A

10% formalin

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14
Q

alternatives for formalin

A

ethanol, methanol, acetone

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15
Q

optimum size and thickness for sectioning

A

2x2x0.3
3-4mm

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16
Q

stages of tissue processing

A

dehydration
clearing
impregnation
embedding

17
Q

agent used in dehydration

A

Hydrophilic agent is used which attracts water from tissue

18
Q

uses increasing strengths

A

dehydration

19
Q

objective clearing

A

the transparent appearance of tissues.

20
Q

most common agent used in deparaffination

A

xylene

21
Q

alternatives for xylene

A

Toluene
Chloroform
Citrus fruit oils
Cedarwood oil

22
Q

technique in which infiltration substance is applied for fully removing the clearing agent from the tissue and replacing it with a material that totally fills all of the tissue cavities

A

impregnation

23
Q

preferred medium for embedding

A

paraffin wax

24
Q

melting point of paraffin wax

A

52-56

25
Q

Hypertonic fixative solutions cause what artifacts

A

shrinkage and increased extracellular spaces

26
Q

isotonic fixatives causes

A

swelling

27
Q

hypotonic fixatives causes

A

swelling

28
Q

reocmmended osmolality for fixative solution

A

400-450 mOsm

29
Q

Prolonged treatment in xylene will make the tissue (artifacts)

A

brittle, crubles, crystallization

30
Q

f specimen is not cleared properly in xylene, the paraffin will not impregnate properly and will lead to

A

distortion of tissue during sectioning

31
Q

what are the requirements to tick off when submitting or receiving specimens?

A
  • Ensure documentation is complete for specimen
    submission - Clinical history
  • Ensure secure sample transportation – covered
    containers in 10% buffered formalin; ice/ dried ice for
    fresh samples
  • Ensure sample identification
  • Enforce sample rejection criteria
32
Q

principle of tissue processing

A

embed tissue in a solid medium
to be efficiently cut in thin sections

33
Q

what is the principle of dehydration

A

to remove fixative and water from tissue

34
Q

what is the principle of clearing

A

to remove alcohol from tissues and is replaced by fluid which is miscible with wax with which tissue must be impregnated

35
Q

principle of impregnation

A

replace clearing agent with embedding medium

veldism (14 decks)

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