unit 3

Question 1

What is a metaphor for ATP?

Answer 1

the currency for your cell

Question 2

what is Hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 2

removing a phosphate group

Question 3

What are the three components of ATP

Answer 3

adenine ribose phosphate group

Question 4

what is an exothermic reaction

Answer 4

energy is realeased

Question 5

What is an endothermic reaction

Answer 5

energy is consumed

Question 6

What is phosphorylation

Answer 6

Removing and adding phosphorus multiple times

Question 7

what is substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 7

energy released during a reaction in small amounts.

Question 8

what is oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 8

Lots of ATP is made, combines the ETC and chemiosmosis

Question 9

what are the four phases of cellular respiration

Answer 9

glycolysis, link reaction, krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation(ETC)

Question 10

how many ATPs are produced for every glucose molecule

Answer 10

38

Question 11

What is fermentation

Answer 11

The second option is when there is not enough ATP. Muscle cells repeat lactic acid fermentation where 2 pyruvate results in 2 NADH to repeat glycolysis.

Question 12

Explain OILRIG

Answer 12

oxidation is loss, reduction is gaining. (in terms of NADH+ or NADH + H)

Question 13

Explain Glycolysis

Answer 13

6 glucose forms 2 pyruvate which creates 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Question 14

Explain Krebs Cycle and what the electrons do with themselves

Answer 14

NADH and FADH is produced and carries electrons where 2 pyruvate forms. The link reaction creates Acetly Coa and then attatched to a 4 carbon molecule. The rounds go twice, forming CO2

Question 15

waht are substances used for cellular fuel

Answer 15

carbs, fats, proteins

Question 16

what are the oxidized and reduced forms of NADH

Answer 16

Oxidized: NAD+
Reduced: NADH

Question 17

how do redox reactions work

Answer 17

There are two reactants and two products. The varaibel being oxidixed is more electronegative and the less electronegative varible is the oxidizing agent because they are removing and adding electrons. It goes the same with reduction agents and what is being reducted

Question 18

Explain the ETC

Answer 18

NADH and FADH carry electrons the the chain where elctrons pass through the inner membrane creating a proton gradient. The left h+ form H20 The protons then pass through the ATP Synthase and create ATP

Question 19

what type of transport does the ATP synthase enzyme create for the protons

Answer 19

facilitated

Question 20

What does chlorophyll do

Answer 20

absorb energy and create electrons and reduct NADP to NADPH

Question 21

What is a photosystem

Answer 21

light capturing unit

Question 22

What happens during the hydrolysis of water in light dependent reactions

Answer 22

02 is created as a bi product and H ions flow, creating a proton gradient

Question 23

What is the calvin cycle

Answer 23

the reactants use the products of the light dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH) and C02 to create carbohydrartes

Question 24

what are the reactants and products of the calvin cycle

Answer 24

reactants: CO2, ATP, and NADPH and the products are glyceraldehyde G3P, ADP, and NADP+.

Question 25

Explain the chloroplast set up of strucutres

Answer 25

the chlorophyll is formed into stacks called Thylakoid, multiple stacks mean a Granum. The stubstance outside of stacks is called stoma

Question 26

EXPLAIN the calvin cycle

Answer 26

CO2 attatched to RUBP, powered by NADH and forms G3P molecules, putting 2 for sugar use. The other G3P’s are reduced and reset back to 6 total RUBP molecules, ready for the next calvin cycle

Question 27

Theee phases of the Calvin cycle

Answer 27

Fixation: after co2 it is split into 3:3 carbon
Reduction: Nadph donates electron to prepare for regeneration
Regeneration: 3 carbon back to 5 carbon or RUBP