LEC13: Cardiovascular System (Age-Related Changes in Physiology and the Effects of Exercise) Flashcards
What are the three components to the cardiovascular system?
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- Blood
What does the heart do in the cardiovascular system?
Serves as a pump
What do the blood vessels do in the cardiovascular system?
Passageways for blood to travel to all parts of the body and back to the heart
What does the blood do in the cardiovascular system?
Act as a transport medium
What is the main goal of the cardiovascular system?
To transport materials throughout the body
What would be categorized as normal in terms of hypertension
Mean SBP/DBP < 120/80 mmHg
SBP: systolic blood pressure
DBP: diastolic blood pressure
What would be categorized as elevated (previously pre-hypertension) in terms of hypertension
Mean SBP 120-129 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg
SBP: systolic blood pressure
DBP: diastolic blood pressure
What would be categorized as stage 1 (previously pre-hypertension) hypertension
Mean SBP 130-139 mmHg OR mean DBP 80-89 mmHg
What would be categorized as stage 2 (previously hypertension) hypertension
Mean SBP ≥ 140 mmHg OR mean DBP ≥ 90 mmHg OR
Self-reported use of medication for high blood pressure within the past month OR self-reported having been diagnosed with hypertension by a health-care professional
Individuals with SBP and DBP in 2 categories, the category should be designated to the (blank)
Higher BP categories
What are some (3) structural changes in the cardiovascular system with age?
Thickening of the walls of the large arteries
- With age, the internal layer (tunica intima) of the artery thickens and fragments - a process similar to what happens with early-stage atherosclerosis
Increased stiffness of the large arteries, small arteries, and arterioles (less compliant)
- With age, the regulation of vasodilation is impaired (vessels are less responsive to biochemical cues for dilation)
Thickening of the walls of the left ventricle
What is heart rate?
The number of times the heart beats in one minute
Is the average resting heart rate of older adults significantly different from young adults?
No. It is not significantly different
What is the difference in heartrate between ages?
Maximum HR (associated with heavy exercise), decreases 5-10 beats per minute each decade
What is the maximum heart rate calculation for individuals over 40 years
208 - (0.7 x age)