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Human 13 > Superpowers - Essential Notes > Flashcards

Superpowers - Essential Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a superpower?

A

State/Organisation with dominant position in international system

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2
Q

What is soft power?

A

Spread of power through culture + ideology
Non-physical power

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3
Q

Global example of soft power

A

USA - Americanisation

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4
Q

What are the consequences of the use of soft power?

A

Cultural diffusion
Ideological change/transfer

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5
Q

What is hard power?

A

Physical power
Usually involves military action

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6
Q

Examples of hard power

A

Defence spending
Military investment
Increase size of military

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7
Q

What is Mackinder’s Heartland Theory?

A

Whoever controls Europe + Asia will control the world
Heartland extended from Eastern Europe into Russia with central pivot
Control over pivot

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8
Q

Who historically controlled the heartland?

A

Britain
Empire, industrial revolution

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9
Q

What are the types of global polarity?

A

Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar

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10
Q

What is a unipolar world?

A

One dominant power

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11
Q

What is a bipolar world?

A

Two dominant powers

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12
Q

What is a multipolar world?

A

3+ dominant powers

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13
Q

What does colonialism entail?

A

Ethnic cleansing
Direct military conquest
Cultural imperialism
Economic imperialism

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14
Q

Historical polarity

A

British Empire - Uni
Cold War - Bi
Today - Multi, USA, China, Russia etc

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15
Q

BRICS

A

Brazil
Russia
India
China
South Africa

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16
Q

Development Theories

A

World Systems
Modernisation
Dependency

17
Q

World Systems Theory

A

Divides world into core, peripheries, semi-peripheries
Developed core + semi-developed peripheries
Emerging semi-peripheries

18
Q

Modernisation Theory

A

6 step process
Movement from underdevelopment to mass consumption
Any nation can achieve development

19
Q

Dependency Theory

A

Developing nations remain dependent on developed nations for trade

20
Q

Superpower influence on the global economy?

A

Promoting free trade
International govt organisation
WTO, IMF etc

21
Q

TNCs

A

Soft power
Global market influence
Cultural diffusion

Human 13 (24 decks)

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