7. Human Nutrition (and respiration) Flashcards
What is the function of the mouth?
It breaks down food into bolus and is where the ingestion of food takes place.
What is the function of the salivary glands?
Release amylase rich saliva into mouth which breaks down starch.
What is the function of the liver?
Liver produces bile.
What is the function of bile?
Bile is an alkaline green liquid that neutralises the acidic pH of the food from the stomach and helps emulsify fats (separates fat droplets and increases surface area)
What is the function of the gall bladder?
To store bile.
What is the function of the small intestine?
Absorbs nutrients and further digests food.
What do villi absorb?
Water, simple sugars and amino acids. Fats are absorbed through the lacteal and goes into the lymphatic system.
What is the function of the pancreatic juice?
It neutralises the acidic pH of food coming from stomach and has enzymes that assist with digestion.
What are the main digestive processes?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion.
What is assimilation?
Movement of digested food molecules into cells that need it.
What is absorption?
Movement of small food molecules and ions through the intestinal wall into the blood.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose –> lactic acid (+ energy)
How do the diaphragm muscles change when breathing in and out?
Breathing in: contracts| Breathing out: relaxes
How do the external intercostal muscles change when breathing in and out?
Breathing in: contracts| Breathing out: relaxes
