Lecture 2: Where to start

Question 1

What are empirical studies? Is it a primary or secondary source?

3 pts

Answer 1

• Basic research paper detailing “original research”
• Reports the results of a study/studies in which new data were collected and analyzed.
• Primary source

Question 2

What are systematic literature reviews? Is it a primary or secondary source?

3pts

Answer 2

• Offers narrative review or summary of existing empirical studies on a specific topic
• Provides general description of the findings in a particular area
• Secondary source

Question 3

What are meta-anaylses? Is it a primary or secondary source?

3pts

Answer 3

-Systematically review all available research
- Uses a statistical analysis to summarize existing studies on a specific topic
- Secondary source

Question 4

Researcher conducts a study that directly replicates the design of a past research study. So, they use the same set-up and methods that were used.

Answer 4

Direct replication

Question 5

Indirectly replicate a concept or finding using a slightly different methodological approach.

Answer 5

Conceptual replication

Question 6

A statement about a phenomenon that may or may not be true, which requires further evidence to support or refute it.

Answer 6

Hypothesis

Question 7

May not be based on an abundance of relevant past research, there is usually at least a logical explanation for why one might expect a specific set of results.

Answer 7

Exploratory hypotheses

Question 8

What is the process to develop a good hypotheses?

Answer 8

Research Idea/Question–> Research Hypothesis –> Specific Hypothesis/Prediction

Question 9

What is needed to develop a specific hypothesis/prediction?

3pts

Answer 9

Predicts an outcome, Indicates direction, Is falsifiable

Question 10

What does operationally defining variables help researchers develop?

3pts

Answer 10

• Specific predictions
• Choose a research design
• Select measures for variables