chapter 2: neuroscience and behavior Flashcards
neurons
cells that are highly specialized to receive and transmit information from one part of the body to another.
sensory neuron
conveys information about the environment, such as light or sound, from specialized receptor cells in the sense organs to the brain.
motor neuron
communicates information to the muscles and glands of the body.
interneuron
communicates information between neurons.
dendrites
the part of the neuron that receives messages from other neurons.
axon
part of the neuron that carries information from the neuron to other cells in the body, including other neurons, glands, and muscles.
glial cells
cells that provide the structural and functional support for neurons throughout the nervous system.
synapse
the point of communication between two neurons.
axon terminals
small branches at the end of the axon.
neurotransmitters
chemical messages manufactured by the neuron.
reuptake
process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from the receptor and are reabsorbed so they can be recycled and used again.
dopamine primary roles (3)
movement, thought processes, rewarding sensations.
serotonin primary roles (3)
emotional states, sleep, sensory perception.
acetylcholine primary roles (3)
learning, memory, muscle contractions.
endorphins primary roles (2)
pain perception, positive emotions.
