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psych 105 > Chapter 14 - Stress and Health > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Stress and Health Flashcards

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1
Q

stress and stressor have both ______ and ______ effects that can influence health

A

immediate, cumulative

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2
Q

specific stimuli/events that cause stress

A

stressors

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3
Q

response to a stressor, often physical or psychological

A

stress

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4
Q

concerned with the way that psychological stress responses contribute to physical illnessses and conditions

A

health psychology

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5
Q

what psychologists first thought of the idea that stress can cause illness, and tested the magnitude of readjustment needed after changes?

A

Holmes and Rahe

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6
Q

source of stress that occur continuously or repeatedly

A

chronic stressors

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7
Q

can discrimination cause illness?

A

yes

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8
Q

emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action

A

fight-or-flight response

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9
Q

The ______ travels through the bloodstream to activate the ______ to release ______ and ______ and energize the fight-or-flight response

A

ACTH, adrenal glands, catecholamines, cortisol

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10
Q

a three stage physiological stress response that appears, regardless of stressor encountered; nonspecific and does not vary across stressors

A

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

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11
Q

what are the three main phases of general adaptation syndrome

A
  • alarm phase
  • resistance phase
  • exhaustion phase
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12
Q

who came up with the idea of the “three phase stress response”?

A

Selye

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13
Q

stressors can cause hormones to flood the brain, wearing down the _______

A

immune system

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14
Q

who developed the idea that the body responds differently to a threat than a challenge?

A

Lazarus and Folkman

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15
Q

a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation

A

burnout

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16
Q

what are the two major causes of burnout?

A
  • gauging your self worth by success at work alone
  • emotionally stressful jobs
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17
Q

who reported that happiness and stress go down as incomes increase?

A

Kahneman and Deaton

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18
Q

overall accumulated sleep loss

A

sleep debt

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19
Q

consistent accumulation over a period of time

A

sleep deficit

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20
Q

what are the three major types of mind management?

A
  • repression
  • rationalization
  • reframing
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21
Q

avoiding situations or thoughts that are reminders of a stressor and maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint

A

repressive coping

22
Q

facing a stressor and working to overcome it

A

rational coping

23
Q

what are the three main steps of rational coping?

A
  • acceptance
  • exposure
  • understanding
24
Q

finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces a threat

A

reframing

25
Q

a reframing technique that helps people cope with stressful situations by developing positive ways to about situations

A

stress inoculation training (SIT)

26
Q

what are the four major types of body management?

A
  • meditation
  • relaxation
  • biofeedback
  • aerobic exercise
27
Q

a practic of intentional contemplation

A

meditation

28
Q

a technique used to measure the subtle activity of muscles

A

electromyography (EMG)

29
Q

a technique for reducing tension by conscious relaxing muscles

A

relaxation therapy

30
Q

a condition of reduced muscle tension, cortical activity, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure

A

relaxation response

31
Q

the use of an external monitoring device to obtain information about a bodily function and possibly gain control over that function

A

biofeedback

32
Q

excercise that increased heart rate and oxygen intake for a sustained period

A

aerobic exercise

33
Q

what are the four main types of situation mangement?

A
  • social support
  • religious or spiritual practice
  • humour
  • avoiding procrastination
34
Q

aid gained through interacting with others

A

social support

35
Q

does humour have a cumulative effect for stress coping?

A

no

36
Q

putting off a task for later

A

procrastinating

37
Q

what are some of the main reasons for people to procrastinate?

A

the task may be boring, difficult or unpleasant, or may require too much effort

38
Q

coordinated, adaptive set of reactions to illness organized by the brain; can be prompted through stress without infection

A

sickness response

39
Q

in humans, the connection between sickness response, immune reaction, and stress is illustrated in:

A

depression

40
Q

socially recognized set of rights and obligations linked with illness; provides exemptions and obligations

A

sick role

41
Q

feigning medical or psychological symptoms to achieve something one wants

A

malingering

42
Q

is malingering always medically related?

A

no, not always

43
Q

what are the two main kinds of psychological factors influence personal health?

A
  • health-relevant personality traits
  • health behaviour
44
Q

aids in maintenence of psychological health in the face of physical problems

A

optimism

45
Q

a person’s optimism or pessimism tends to be:

A

stable over time

46
Q
  • a sense of commitment
  • a belief in control
  • acceptance of challenge
    these are all characteristics of:
A

hardiness

47
Q

do people tend to act on the basis of the knowledge of health promoting factors?

A

no

48
Q

exercise of voluntary control over the self to bring the self into line with preffered standards

A

self-regulation

49
Q

why doesn’t dieting work?

A

conscious self-regulation can easily be undermined by stress

50
Q

why can avoiding sexual risks be difficult?

A

because of the illusion that one has unique invulnerability

51
Q

who suggested that “overparenting” can cause significant harm by depriving children of opportunities to learn creativity, competence, and confidence, and to develop a true sense of who they really are?

A

Julie Lythcott-Haims

psych 105 (9 decks)

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