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PHAR 1054 > Aches and Pains > Flashcards

Aches and Pains Flashcards

1
Q

00

Outline analgesics

A

Drugs that relieve pain, work by:
- Inhibiting chemical production at the injury site to prevent pain signal initiation
- Prevent the pain message from being recognised when it reaches the brain – by
blocking the chemicals produced in that part of the pain process

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2
Q

Outline the 3 properites of analgesics

A

Analgesic Effect – the ability to reduce pain
Antipyretic Effect – The ability to reduce fever
Anti-inflammatory Effect – The ability to reduce inflammation

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3
Q

Outline the most popular analgesic

A
  • Paracetamol as blocks the production of pain-causing chemicals both at the site of injury and in the brain
  • Reduces fever and is well absorbed in the body – does not irritate the stomach
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4
Q

Outline the recommended dose for paracetemol

A
  • Most common dosage for is 500mg tablets and capsules
  • TWO tablets every four hours as required.
  • Not more than eight tablets in 24 hours
  • No more than four doses to be given in any 24 hour period
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5
Q

Outline Paracetamol Paediatric suspension

A

Paracetamol 120mg in 5mL
Child’s age Dose Dosage Frequency
3-6 months - 2.5mL - 4 times a day MAX
6-24 months - 5 mL - 4 times a day MAX
2-4 years - 7.5mL - 4 times a day MAX
4-6 years - 10mL- 4 times a day MAX

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6
Q

Outline 6 years + suspension

A

Paracetamol 250mg in 5mL
Child’s age Dose Dosage Frequency
6-8 years - 5mL - 4 times a day MAX
8 – 10 years - 7.5 mL - 4 times a day MAX
10 -12 years - 10mL - 4 times a day MAX
12-16 years - 10 - 15mL - 4 times a day MAX

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7
Q

Outline 3 paracetemol concerns

A
  • Repeat and bulk purchases
  • Risk of overdose
  • Over dosage usually fatal if not identified in time
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8
Q

Outline another analgesic

A

Aspirin (NSAID AS WELL)
- Blocks the production of pain-causing chemicals both at the site of injury and in the brain
- Reduces fever and inflammation

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9
Q

Outline the dosage for aspirin

A

300mg tablets or capsules
- Take up to THREE 300mg three or four times a day
- No more than 12 tablets to be taken in 1 day
- Should not be taken with other products containing aspirin or NSAIDS

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9
Q

Outline 4 aspirin concerns

A
  • Risk if used by asthmatics
  • Ulceration and bleeding risk
  • Patients taking anticoagulant therapy
  • Potentially dangerous for children
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9
Q

Outline another anelgesic

A

Ibrupofen (NSAID AS WELL)
- Blocks the production of pain-causing chemicals both at the site of injury and in the brain
- Reduces fever and inflammation
- More gentle on the stomach than aspirin

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9
Q

Outline the dosage for ibuprofen

A

200mg tablets (also available as a 400mg tablet)
- Take ONE to TWO 200mg tablets up the three times a day as required
- Leave at least four hours between doses
- Do not take more than six tablets in any 24 hour period

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10
Q

Outline the dosage for ibuprofen oral suspension

A

Ibuprofen 100mg in 5mL
Child’s age Dose Dosage Frequency
3-6 months - 2.5mL - 3 times a day MAX
6-12 months - 2.5 mL - 3 - 4 times a day MAX
1 - 2 years - 2.5mL - 3 - 4 times a day MAX
3 -7 years - 5mL - 3 - 4 times a day MAX
8-12 years - 10mL - 3 - 4 times a day MAX

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11
Q

Outline 3 ibruprofen concerns

A

Risk if used by asthmatics
* Patients with history of ulceration
* Should not be taken with other products containing aspirin or NSAIDS

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12
Q

Outline another anelgesic

A

Co-Codamol
- A combination medicine of Paracetamol AND Codeine
- Blocks the brain’s ability to feel pain and determine its severity
- Over-the-counter ‘P’ medicine
- Can cause addiction. For three days use only

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13
Q

Outline the dosage for co-codamol

A

500mg paracetamol +8 mg codeine tablets
* ONE to TWO tablets every four to six hours when required
* Maximum eight tablets in 24 hour period for three days Maximum
* DO NOT TAKE WITH ANY OTHER PARACETAMOL CONTAINING
PRODUCTS

14
Q

Outline 4 risks of co-codamol

A
  • Addiction
  • Not particularly effective
  • Risk of overdose on paracetamol if take too many
  • Side effects outweigh any significant benefit
15
Q

Define Aches and Pain and what it may be

A

Pain is the body’s way of telling you something is wrong
* Pain can be:
1. Damage that has already occurred
2. A sign of an underlying illness that needs to be treated
3. The body’s way of telling you to stop to prevent further damage

16
Q

Outline 5 types of aches and pain

A
  • Headaches
  • Dental
  • Back ache
  • Joint and muscle pain (sprains and strains, osteoarthritis)
  • Period pain (stomach cramps)
17
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of headaches

A
  1. Tension – pressure on both sides of the head, often explained as a
    tight band around the head
  2. Migraine – throbbing/pounding feeling in head, blurred vision,
    flashing lights, nausea and vomiting
  3. Sinus – throbbing pain; can be worse on waking and bending over
    which results from a build up pressure in the sinuses
  4. Hangover – throbbing, dull ache
18
Q

Outline when to refer for headaches

A
  • Children under 12
  • Headaches persistent after a head injury
  • Headaches severe and getting worse
  • With slurred speech/confusion
  • Accompanied by a high temperature
  • Migraine for the first time
19
Q

Outline lifestyle advice for headaches

A
  • Drink plenty of water and lots of rest
  • Try to relax – stress can make headaches worse!
  • Exercise when you can
20
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of dental pain

A

Decay – as a result of poor oral hygiene
Cracked tooth – could be as a result of an injury
Abscess – infection of gum

21
Q

Outline when to refer for dental pain

A
  • Raised temperature
  • Discharge
  • Swollen face
22
Q

Outline lifestyle advice for dental pain

A
  • Try rinsing mouth out with salt water
  • Use a pain-relieving gel for your mouth (eg. Orajel)
  • Eat soft foods like yoghurt or scrambled eggs and try to avoid chewing
    with the sore tooth
23
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of back ache

A

Muscular – dull ache
Stiffness – reduced mobility (movement)
Nerve – sharp, shooting pain

24
Q

Outline when to refer for back ache

A
  • Severe back pain of unknown cause or pain not getting better
  • Tingling/ numbness passing into one or both legs
  • Problems passing water
  • Swelling in the area or symptoms caused by a direct injury
25
Q

Outline lifestyle advice for back ache

A
  • Stay as active as possible as resting for long periods can make the
    pain worse
  • Try exercises and stretches for back pain – walking, swimming, yoga,
    pilates
  • Use hot/cold compression packs for short-term relief
26
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of joint and muscle pain

A
  • Muscular – dull ache
  • Stiffness – reduced mobility (movement)
  • Inflammation
  • ‘Wear and tear’ of the joints
27
Q

Outline when to refer for joint and muscle pain

A
  • Restricted mobility
  • Pain not getting better
  • Swelling in the area or symptoms caused by a direct injury
28
Q

Outline lifestyle advice for joint and muscle pain

A
  • Stay as active as possible as resting for long periods can make the
    pain worse
  • Try exercises and stretches – walking, swimming, yoga, pilates
  • Use hot/cold compression packs for short-term relief
29
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of period pain

A

Painful stomach cramps which can spread to the back and thighs
- Intense or constant spasms
- Can vary with each period

30
Q

Outline when to refer for period pain

A
  • Severe period pain not responding to over-the-counter analgesics
  • Pain continues once the period has passed
31
Q

Outline lifestyle advice for treatment of period pain

A
  • Stop smoking
  • Gentle exercise
  • Heat pads/hot water bottles
  • Warm bath or shower
  • Massage
  • Relaxation techniques such as yoga or pilates

PHAR 1054 (20 decks)

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