Darwin, Genetics, and Cell Biology

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The genetic makeup of an individual

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

The observable/measurable characteristics of an organism

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene

Question 4

Ploidy

Answer 4

The number of copies of unique chromosomes in a cell; bacteria are haploid (n) and humans are diploid (2n) and human gametes are haploid (n)

Question 5

Homologous pairs

Answer 5

In diploid organisms, chromosomes are homologous pairs, one chromosome from each pair parent

Question 6

Somatic cells

Answer 6

the body cells which are diploid

Question 7

Gametes

Answer 7

the sex cells which are haploid

Question 8

Particulate hypothesis

Answer 8

Parents pass discrete, heritable units to their offspring

Question 9

Law of Dominance

Answer 9

Forms of factors can be dominant or recessive

Question 10

Law of Segregation

Answer 10

Factors segregate randomly and go in different gametes

Question 11

Law of independent assortment

Answer 11

Genes for different traits are not linked and sort independently into the gametes