Oefenvragen

Question 1

In psychology it is regularly emphasized that we cannot infer causality from correlation alone. This can clearly be traced back to the ideas of

(a) David Hume.

(b) Alan Turing.

(c) William James.

Answer 1

a

Question 2

An important objection of Auguste Comte to introspection as a scientific method, was that

(a) in introspection there is no distinction between the observer and the observed.

(b) introspection is particularly sensitive to human biases.

(c) it is impossible to hold mental states constant; consciousness is always in flux.

Answer 2

a

Question 3

What is the obligation of the enlightened philosopher in Plato’s allegory of the cave?

a) To confront those who have imprisoned the people in the cave

b) To leave the cave for good

c) To return to the cave and confront the prisoners with reality

Answer 3

c

once we understand what reality is (the forms), it is the job of the informed to lead the ignorant ‘out of the cave’ and into true knowledge. This means, of course, that those who still are uninformed will resist, since, after all, the cave is all they’ve ever known.

Question 4

Question: Which philosopher emphasises a key value of science which is still used today?

A) Epicurus

B) Rene Descartes

C) Pyrrho

Answer 4

c

pyrrho: skepticism!!!

Question 5

What did Francis Bacon mean by “fruit bearing experiments”

a) Experiments that aim to solve practical problems
b) Experiments that aim to determine the true cause of phenomena
c) Experiments that aim to find differences between two conditions

Answer 5

a