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Academic Decathlon 2023-2024 > History Section 2 > Flashcards

History Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why was the ENIAC first developed?

A

to efficiently create lots of firing tables

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2
Q

why could the differential analyzer not be used in making firing tables?

A

they broke down too much

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3
Q

Who proposed the ENIAC?

A

Goldstein, Mauchly, and Eckert

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4
Q

what does ENIAC stand for?

A

Electronic numerical integrator and computer

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5
Q

was the Eniac a computer or a calculator?

A

computer. it had decision branching

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6
Q

Who later became the lead team for the ENIAC/EDVAC?

A

Jon von Neumann

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7
Q

what were the three goals for the EDVAC?

A
  1. larger memory, store numbers, and perform arithmetic in binary
  2. store programs and data in one memory
  3. instructions in binary
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8
Q

Who gained credit for the “first draft of a report on the EDVAC”

A

Jon von Neumann

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9
Q

what was the name of the Pennsylvania University summer school?

A

Moore School Lectures

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10
Q

what computer did von Neumann make at IAS?

A

the IAS computer

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11
Q

what is von Neumann architecture?

A

the basis of modern computers (from ENIAC/EDVAC and Moore school lectures)

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12
Q

where were the first two von Neumann architecture computers built?

A

England

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13
Q

What did Fredrick Williams invent?

A

Williams tubes

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14
Q

what computer did Fredrick Williams and Max Newman make?

A

the Manchester Baby

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15
Q

what was the significance of the Manchester Baby?

A

first successful stored-program computer (not really functional beyond that tho)

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16
Q

What did the EDSAC use (as opposed to Williams tubes)?

A

mercury delay lines

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17
Q

who made the EDSAC?

A

Maurice Wilkes

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18
Q

what does EDSAC stand for?

A

electronic delay storage automatic computer

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19
Q

what business did Eckert and Mauchly make?

A

EMCC

20
Q

what machine did EMCC develop?

A

UNIVAC

21
Q

how much did the first UNIVAC cost?

A

$900,000

22
Q

why did EMCC make BINAC?

A

to quickly make a small computer that could raise more money for the UNIVAC

23
Q

who bought EMCC?

A

Remington Rand (got them into computers)

24
Q

What did the UNIVAC use for programmability?

A

magnetic tapes

25
Q

What publicity stunt did Remington Rand pull with the UNIVAC?

A

they had it calculate the winner of the Eisenhower election

26
Q

how was the IBM 701 developed?

A

von Neumann was a consultant, so it was like the IAS computer, and it used Williams Tubes. As powerful as the UNIVAC

27
Q

how is IBM 702 different from 701?

A

it did business processing rather than scientific stuff

28
Q

what made the IBM 650 better than the 701/702?

A

it used magnetic drums for memory

29
Q

who acquired Remington Rand?

A

Sperry Gyroscope. Renamed Sperry Rand

30
Q

what did CDC develop?

A

highly specialized scientific computers

31
Q

what competitors remained at the end of the 1980’s in the computer industry?

A

IBM, Sperry Rand, Burroughs, NCR, RCA, Honeywell, General Electric, CDC (8)

32
Q

who had 65% of the market in the 60’s?

A

IBM

33
Q

who left the computer business at the end of the 60’s?

A

RCA and General Electric

34
Q

what was the first high level programming language?

A

FORTRAN

35
Q

who made fortran?

A

IBM

36
Q

what was the first computer that could use FORTRAN?

A

the IBM 704

37
Q

What UNIVAC compiler evolved from B-0?

A

FLO-MATIC

38
Q

what was the big difference between FLO-MATIC and FORTRAN?

A

flo-matic was for business and FORTRAN was for science (still more popular)

39
Q

what business oriented programming language did the US government make?

A

COBOL

40
Q

how is LISP still used?

A

in programming AI

41
Q

what computer first merged business and science computers?

A

the IBM System/360

42
Q

the IBM System/360 was __________ compatible

A

backwards and forwards

43
Q

how was the System/360 compatible?

A

microprogramming

44
Q

how was the OS/360 release?

A

delayed multipke times and the program was super buggy and continuously patched

45
Q

who owned the ENIAC patent and tried to claim royalties on all electronic computers?

A

Sperry Rand

46
Q

what companies combined to make Unysis?

A

Sperry Rand and Burroughs

47
Q

What is the “stored program concept”?

A

refers to the computer storing both the program’s data and instructions on the same memory

Academic Decathlon 2023-2024 (18 decks)

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