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History > History Renaissance > Flashcards

History Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the Medici family important to the Italian Renaissance?

A

for being rulers and supporters of the arts.

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2
Q

What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?

A

the Holy Bible.

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3
Q

In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?

A

He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.

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4
Q

What is the practice of selling indulgences?

A

The clergy sold certificates that reduced the penalties for people’s sins.

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5
Q

Who declared himself the head of the English Church?

A

Henry VIII.

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6
Q

What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?

A

predestination

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7
Q

What kind of person represented the ideal of the “Renaissance man”?

A

someone who excelled in many areas of study and many skills.

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8
Q

What was an important effect of the invention of the printing press?

A

It increased literacy & the use of the vernacular while spreading new ideas.

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9
Q

What were Martin Luther’s main beliefs?

A

The Bible is the sole source of religious truth.

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10
Q

What was the main reason for Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Catholic Church?

A

His desire for a male heir to take over the throne of England.

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11
Q

What were the main ideas at the Council of Trent?

A

The Church’s Latin version of the Bible was the only acceptable version.

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12
Q

The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between the supporters of which two groups?

A

Catholic princes and Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire (Germany).

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13
Q

What does it mean to write in the “vernacular”?

A

writes in a local everyday language of the region.

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14
Q

What earlier cultures did the humanists study?

A

classical Greek and Roman culture.

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15
Q

Which religion promoted the baptism of adults only?

A

Anabaptists

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16
Q

What is predestination?

A

God determines the fate of every person.

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17
Q

Why were the Italians interested in the study of ancient societies?

A

their Roman heritage and Italy’s contact with the knowledge from the east.

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18
Q

Describe geographically how Europe was religiously divided after the Protestant Reformation.

A

a Protestant north and a Catholic south.

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19
Q

What was the name of the religious group that wanted to eliminate all aspects of Catholicism from the Anglican Church in England?

A

Puritans

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20
Q

Which pope hired Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

A

Pope Julius lI.

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21
Q

What was one of the main criticisms Martin Luther had about the Catholic Church?

A

certificates of indulgences.

22
Q

Describe the role of the Jesuits

A

pursuit of knowledge, missionary work, and complete obedience to the pope.

23
Q

What is justification by faith?

A

When a person could be made just or good simply by faith in God’s love and mercy.

24
Q

What caused the relationship between England and the Catholic Church to weaken and fail?

A

Henry Vill’s decision to divorce Catherine of Aragon.

25
Q

How did Gutenberg facilitate the spread of new ideas?

A

By developing a revolutionary printing method.

26
Q

What were certificates of indulgences supposed to do?

A

They were a reduction of punishments for sins.

27
Q

What did Baroque art emphasize?

A

drama, emotion, and exaggeration.

28
Q

Where did the Renaissance begin?

A

Italy

29
Q

Name three beliefs of the humanists.

A
  1. an admiration of classical cultures.
  2. people should participate and develop skills in a variety of activities.
  3. every individual has dignity and worth.
30
Q

Name three beliefs of Lutheranism

A
  1. the importance of an occupation as a vocation.
  2. the use of the Bible as the sole source of truth.
  3. the achievement of salvation by faith alone.
31
Q

Name three things that the printing press allowed to happen

A
  1. new ideas were spreading all over Europe.
  2. books were printed faster.
  3. more people could afford books.
32
Q

Name three goals of the Counter-Reformation

A
  1. stopping the spread of the Protestantism.
  2. allowing only one acceptable version of the Bible which is in Latin.
  3. celebrating Mass in Latin and not in the vernacular.
33
Q

The Reformation began when Martin Luther posted his 95 theses on the church doors in which country?

A

Germany

34
Q

What was the controversy surrounding William Shakespeare?

A

If he actually wrote all of his pays or not.

35
Q

What new art medium did Jan Van Eyke introduce?

A

Oil painting.

36
Q

How many of Henry VIII’s wives lost her head?

A

Two.

37
Q

What did the Peace of Augsburg do?

A

German princes were told to choose the religion of the region that they controlled.

38
Q

What was the Renaissance and what does it translate to mean?

A

A period of profound cultural awakening in Western Europe.

Means “rebirth.”

39
Q

What was the book the Prince about?

A

Machiavelli’s effort to provide a guide for political action based on the lessons of history and his own experience as a foreign secretary in Florence.

40
Q

Which author was known for writing sonnets and is considered the “father of humanism”?

A

Francesco Petrarcha (Petrarch).

41
Q

Name the three Italian cities that were important to the development of Renaissance art.

A
  1. Florence.
  2. Venice.
  3. Rome.
42
Q

Which Italian Renaissance artist was known for creating the first free-standing nude statue since ancient times?

A

Donatello

43
Q

Which Renaissance artist is believed to have belonged to a secret society?

A

Leonardo da Vinci

44
Q

Name three ways that the Northern Renaissance was different from the Italian Renaissance.

A
  1. Italian Renaissance artists took an interest in ancient art & architecture.
  2. The Northern Renaissance artists focused on realism and great details.
  3. The Northern Renaissance artists focused on everyday life.
45
Q

What inventions did da Vinci sketch?

A

The helicopter, the tank, and the parachute.

46
Q

Which da Vinci sketches were published in medical journals?

A

sketches of the human muscular system.

47
Q

What were Martin Luther’s intentions when he posted the 95 theses?

A

To inform people of his ideas and spark a debate about what he considered improper practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church in the hopes of reforming religion.

48
Q

Name three reasons why indulgences were purchased by parishioners.

A

the sins of their dead relatives.

49
Q

What document made the king of England the leader of the English church?

A

Act of Supremacy.

50
Q

How did “Bloody” Mary get her nickname?

A

By ordering the death of English protestants who opposed her.

History (11 decks)

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